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Home / Equine Research Bank / Sensors (Basel) / Combined Antenna-Channel Modeling for the Harsh Horse Hoof E...
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022; 22(18); 6856; doi: 10.3390/s22186856

Combined Antenna-Channel Modeling for the Harsh Horse Hoof Environment.

Abstract: This paper describes the exploration of the combined antenna-channel model for a horse hoof. An antenna of 25 mm × 40 mm is designed in the ISM 868 MHz band. During the characterization and design of the antenna, the dynamic and harsh environment of the horse hoof is taken into account throughout every step of the procedure because it is impossible to de-embed the antenna from its environment. The antenna and channel model are verified extensively by measurements in phantom and ex vivo. The antenna is verified to be robust against changes in the morphology of the horse's hoof up to 50%. The dynamic environment was captured by considering different soil types and air, and the design was verified to be resilient against changes herein. The antenna performs well within the targeted band, with a fractional bandwidth of 8% and a gain of -2 dBi. Furthermore, a path loss model was constructed for a typical barn environment, and the antenna reaches a range of 250 m in the studied environment based on the LoRa technology. This research is important for monitoring horse health.
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Publication Date: 2022-09-10 PubMed ID: 36146205PubMed Central: PMC9506059DOI: 10.3390/s22186856Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper focuses on the creation of a combined antenna-channel model specifically designed for a horse hoof environment. This was done in order to ensure robustness and resilience for health monitory purposes of horses and has achieved an emission range of 250 meters.

Antenna Model Design

  • The research developed an antenna specifically for the horse hoof environment. The dimensions of this antenna are 25mm by 40mm, operating within the ISM 868MHz band. This design was carefully done considering the dynamics of a horse hoof environment.
  • The uniqueness of this research arises from the consideration of the environment during the design and characterization of the antenna. The antenna is impossible to separate from the horse hoof environment, hence, a combined antenna-channel model was constructed.
  • The design considerations involved understanding and integrating the changes in the morphology of the horse hoof into the development process. The research proves that the antenna is robust and accommodates morphological changes up to 50%. Thus, it provides reliable and consistent results in different states of the hoof.

Evaluation and Verification

  • The performance evaluation of the antenna involved an extensive measurement procedure in phantom (artificial horse hoof) and ex vivo (real horse hoof outside the host organism).
  • The dynamic nature of the horse hoof environment was captured by considering different soil types and air. Distinct soil types and air simulate the real-world scenarios that the system should accommodate. The design has been verified and deemed resilient against these changes.
  • The performance of the antenna was found to be satisfactory in its intended bandwidth, with a fractional bandwidth of 8% and a gain of -2 dBi.

Antenna Application and Investigation

  • This model was tested in a typical barn environment where a path loss model was constructed to examine the extendability of the system.
  • The range of this antenna is a significant feature – it extends to 250 meters in the tested environment. This is based on the Long Range (LoRa) technology which allows for a wide emission range, taking the application beyond immediate proximity to the horse.
  • The importance of this research is heavily tied to horse health monitoring. Being able to embed such a resilient and wide-ranging antenna system into a horse’s hoof could become a powerful tool for vet professionals and farm managers when it comes to early detection of health issues or general horse health tracking.

Cite This Article

APA
Goethals J, Nikolayev D, Thielens A, Vermeeren G, Verloock L, Deruyck M, Martens L, Joseph W. (2022). Combined Antenna-Channel Modeling for the Harsh Horse Hoof Environment. Sensors (Basel), 22(18), 6856. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22186856

Publication

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 1424-8220
NlmUniqueID: 101204366
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 22
Issue: 18
PII: 6856

Researcher Affiliations

Goethals, Jasper
  • IMEC-WAVES, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Nikolayev, Denys
  • IETR (l'Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du Numérique), UMR 6164, CNRS, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France.
Thielens, Arno
  • IMEC-WAVES, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Vermeeren, Günter
  • IMEC-WAVES, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Verloock, Leen
  • IMEC-WAVES, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Deruyck, Margot
  • IMEC-WAVES, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Martens, Luc
  • IMEC-WAVES, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Joseph, Wout
  • IMEC-WAVES, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Equipment Design
  • Hoof and Claw
  • Horses
  • Phantoms, Imaging
  • Soil
  • Wireless Technology

Grant Funding

  • HBC.2018.0536 / Flanders Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

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