FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association1974; 164(1); 70-76;

Combined (B- and T-lymphocyte) immunodeficiency: a fatal genetic disease in Arabian foals.

Abstract: Thirty sick Arabian foals and 78 clinically normal Arabian foals were examined for combined (B- and T-lymphocyte) immunodeficiency. Diagnosis was based on lymphocyte counts and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) content or microscopic examination of lymphoid organs. Ten of the 30 sick foals and 2 of the 78 clinically normal foals had combined immunodeficiency. The 2 affected foals in the group of 78 subsequently developed fatal pneumonia. Lymphocyte counts were made from 9 of the 12 immunodeficient foals; the range was 0 to 936/cmm., whereas the normal mean was 4,119/cmm., with a standard deviation of 1,649. Immunoglobulin M was not detectable in any of 9 available serums from the 12 affected foals and IgA was absent from 3 of the 9 serums. There was an absence of splenic germinal centers and periarteriolar lymphocytic sheaths in all of 11 spleens examined microscopically. Thymic hypoplasia occurred in all of 9 foals from which tissue was available. The 12 foals with combined immunodeficiency were susceptible to and died of a variety of infections, especially adenoviral infection.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1974-01-01 PubMed ID: 4358832
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigated a fatal, genetic, combined immunodeficiency affecting the B- and T-lymphocytes of Arabian foals, with it being found in a number of sick and clinically normal Arabian foals and linked to susceptibility to fatal infections.

Study Population and Diagnosis

  • The study involved testing 108 Arabian foals, 30 of which were sick and 78 appeared clinically normal. Testing for combined B- and T-lymphocyte immunodeficiency was conducted through examining lymphocyte counts, serum immunoglobulin content, and microscopic examination of lymphoid organs.
  • Out of these, 12 foals (10 from the 30 sick and 2 from the 78 clinically normal) were found to have the combined immunodeficiency. Notably, the two seemingly healthy foals later developed fatal pneumonia.

Testing Results

  • Lymphocyte counts were recorded from 9 of the 12 immunodeficient foals. Counts ranged from 0 to 936/cmm, significantly lower than the normal mean count of 4,119/cmm.
  • Immunoglobulin M (IgM) was not detectable in any of the 9 serums tested from the affected foals, while Immunoglobulin A (IgA) was absent in 3 of the serums.
  • Microscopic analysis showed an absence of splenic germinal centers and periarteriolar lymphocytic sheaths in all 11 spleens examined.
  • Thymic hypoplasia, or underdeveloped thymus glands, were observed in all 9 foals whose tissue was available for testing.

Combined Immunodeficiency Effects

  • The combined immunodeficiency left the 12 affected foals particularly susceptible to a variety of infections, the most frequent of which was an adenoviral infection.
  • All 12 of the immunodeficient foals eventually died from such infections, highlighting the fatal nature of this genetic disease in Arabian foals.

The study thus evidenced a fatal, genetic combined immunodeficiency in Arabian foals that impacts both B- and T-lymphocytes, leading to highly lowered immune responses and fatal susceptibility to infections.

Cite This Article

APA
McGuire TC, Poppie MJ, Banks KL. (1974). Combined (B- and T-lymphocyte) immunodeficiency: a fatal genetic disease in Arabian foals. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 164(1), 70-76.

Publication

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
ISSN: 0003-1488
NlmUniqueID: 7503067
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 164
Issue: 1
Pages: 70-76

Researcher Affiliations

McGuire, T C
    Poppie, M J
      Banks, K L

        MeSH Terms

        • Adenoviridae Infections / veterinary
        • Animals
        • Animals, Newborn
        • B-Lymphocytes
        • Diarrhea / veterinary
        • Erythrocyte Count
        • Horse Diseases / genetics
        • Horse Diseases / immunology
        • Horse Diseases / pathology
        • Horses
        • Immunodiffusion
        • Immunoglobulin A / analysis
        • Immunoglobulin G / analysis
        • Immunoglobulin M / analysis
        • Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / complications
        • Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / genetics
        • Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / immunology
        • Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / pathology
        • Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / veterinary
        • Leukocyte Count
        • Pneumonia / veterinary
        • Spleen / pathology
        • T-Lymphocytes
        • Thymus Gland / pathology

        Citations

        This article has been cited 22 times.
        1. Ramsay JD, Ueti MW, Johnson WC, Scoles GA, Knowles DP, Mealey RH. Lymphocytes and macrophages are infected by Theileria equi, but T cells and B cells are not required to establish infection in vivo. PLoS One 2013;8(10):e76996.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076996pubmed: 24116194google scholar: lookup
        2. Brosnahan MM, Brooks SA, Antczak DF. Equine clinical genomics: A clinician's primer. Equine Vet J 2010 Oct;42(7):658-70.
          doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00166.xpubmed: 20840582google scholar: lookup
        3. Taylor SD, Leib SR, Carpenter S, Mealey RH. Selection of a rare neutralization-resistant variant following passive transfer of convalescent immune plasma in equine infectious anemia virus-challenged SCID horses. J Virol 2010 Jul;84(13):6536-48.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.00218-10pubmed: 20392850google scholar: lookup
        4. Flaminio MJ, Tallmadge RL, Salles-Gomes CO, Matychak MB. Common variable immunodeficiency in horses is characterized by B cell depletion in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues. J Clin Immunol 2009 Jan;29(1):107-16.
          doi: 10.1007/s10875-008-9221-4pubmed: 18677444google scholar: lookup
        5. Mealey RH, Littke MH, Leib SR, Davis WC, McGuire TC. Failure of low-dose recombinant human IL-2 to support the survival of virus-specific CTL clones infused into severe combined immunodeficient foals: lack of correlation between in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008 Jan 15;121(1-2):8-22.
          doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.07.011pubmed: 17727961google scholar: lookup
        6. Mealey RH, Littke MH, Leib SR, Davis WC, McGuire TC. Cloning and large-scale expansion of epitope-specific equine cytotoxic T lymphocytes using an anti-equine CD3 monoclonal antibody and human recombinant IL-2. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007 Jul 15;118(1-2):121-8.
          doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.04.001pubmed: 17498813google scholar: lookup
        7. Camargo MM, Nahum LA. Adapting to a changing world: RAG genomics and evolution. Hum Genomics 2005 Jun;2(2):132-7.
          doi: 10.1186/1479-7364-2-2-132pubmed: 16004728google scholar: lookup
        8. Mealey RH, Fraser DG, Oaks JL, Cantor GH, McGuire TC. Immune reconstitution prevents continuous equine infectious anemia virus replication in an Arabian foal with severe combined immunodeficiency: lessons for control of lentiviruses. Clin Immunol 2001 Nov;101(2):237-47.
          doi: 10.1006/clim.2001.5109pubmed: 11683583google scholar: lookup
        9. McNeil MM, Brown JM. The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology. Clin Microbiol Rev 1994 Jul;7(3):357-417.
          doi: 10.1128/CMR.7.3.357pubmed: 7923055google scholar: lookup
        10. Perryman LE, Mason PH, Chrisp CE. Effect of spleen cell populations on resolution of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in SCID mice. Infect Immun 1994 Apr;62(4):1474-7.
          doi: 10.1128/iai.62.4.1474-1477.1994pubmed: 7907581google scholar: lookup
        11. Niethammer D. Treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency by transplantation. Blut 1981 Mar;42(3):137-48.
          doi: 10.1007/BF01026383pubmed: 7011444google scholar: lookup
        12. Barta O. Laboratory techniques of veterinary clinical immunology: a review. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 1981;4(2):131-60.
          doi: 10.1016/0147-9571(81)90001-1pubmed: 6183048google scholar: lookup
        13. McGuire TC, Banks KL, Poppie MJ. Animal model of human disease. Combined immunodeficiency (severe), Swiss-type agammaglobulinemia. Am J Pathol 1975 Sep;80(3):551-4.
          pubmed: 1163643
        14. Banks KL, McGuire TC. Surface receptors on neutrophils and monocytes from immunodeficient and normal horses. Immunology 1975 Mar;28(3):581-8.
          pubmed: 1126740
        15. Clayton FW. Combined (B- and T-lymphocyte) immunodeficiency in an Arabian foal. Can Vet J 1976 Jan;17(1):26-8.
          pubmed: 1083284
        16. McGuire TC, Banks KL, Davis WC. Alterations of the thymus and other lymphoid tissue in young horses with combined immunodeficiency. Am J Pathol 1976 Jul;84(1):39-54.
          pubmed: 937516
        17. McGuire TC, Pollara B, Moore JJ, Poppie MJ. Evaluation of adenosine deaminase and other purine salvage pathway enzymes in horses with combined immunodeficiency. Infect Immun 1976 Mar;13(3):995-7.
          doi: 10.1128/iai.13.3.995-997.1976pubmed: 818021google scholar: lookup
        18. Targowski SP. Serum immunoglobulin, dermal response, and lymphocyte transformation studies in horses with chronic diarrhea. Infect Immun 1975 Jul;12(1):48-54.
          doi: 10.1128/iai.12.1.48-54.1975pubmed: 806535google scholar: lookup
        19. Buening GM, Perryman LE, McGuire TC. Immunoglobulins and secretory component in the external secretions of foals with combined immunodeficiency. Infect Immun 1978 Feb;19(2):695-8.
          doi: 10.1128/iai.19.2.695-698.1978pubmed: 631895google scholar: lookup
        20. Magnuson NS, Perryman LE. In vitro of adenosine on lymphocytes and erythrocytes from horses with combined immunodeficiency. J Clin Invest 1979 Jul;64(1):89-101.
          doi: 10.1172/JCI109468pubmed: 447864google scholar: lookup
        21. Splitter GA, Incefy G, Iwata T, McGuire TC. Evaluation of functional thymic hormones in Arabian horses with severe combined immunodeficiency. Clin Exp Immunol 1979 Oct;38(1):37-44.
          pubmed: 230925
        22. Boyce JT, Giddens WE Jr, Valerio M. Simian adenoviral pneumonia. Am J Pathol 1978 May;91(2):259-76.
          pubmed: 206147
        Subscribe to our newsletter
        Join 99,850 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.