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Current allergy and asthma reports2019; 19(11); 50; doi: 10.1007/s11882-019-0882-2

Comparative Review of Asthma in Farmers and Horses.

Abstract: Farmers are routinely exposed to organic dusts and aeroallergens that can have adverse respiratory health effects including asthma. Horses are farm-reared large animals with similar exposures and can develop equine asthma syndrome (EAS). This review aims to compare the etiology, pathophysiology, and immunology of asthma in horses compared to farmers and highlights the horse as a potential translational animal model for organic dust-induced asthma in humans. Severe EAS shares many clinical and pathological features with various phenotypes of human asthma including allergic, non-allergic, late onset, and severe asthma. EAS disease features include variable airflow obstruction, cough, airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation/remodeling, neutrophilic infiltrates, excess mucus production, and chronic innate immune activation. Severe EAS is a naturally occurring and biologically relevant, translational animal disease model that could contribute to a more thorough understanding of the environmental and immunologic factors contributing to organic dust-induced asthma in humans.
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Publication Date: 2019-10-10 PubMed ID: 31599358PubMed Central: PMC9116535DOI: 10.1007/s11882-019-0882-2Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article reviews the similarity of asthma conditions in farmers and horses, suggesting horses can serve as an animal model for asthma induced by exposure to organic dust in humans.

Overview

The authors delve into the comparison of asthma caused by the inhalation of organic dusts and aeroallergens in farmers and horses. The paper aims to highlight horses as an equivalent model for studying the mechanism and treatment of this kind of asthma in humans because these animals can develop what is known as equine asthma syndrome (EAS), sharing many features with the disease in humans.

Asthma in Horses vs Farmers

The study compares the etiology (cause of disease), pathophysiology (physical and functional changes) and immunology (immune response) of EAS in horses and asthma in farmers. Key research findings include:

  • Farmers are consistently exposed to organic dusts and aeroallergens inherent to their work environment, which may prompt respiratory issues including asthma.
  • Horses living in similar conditions can develop EAS, which shares characteristics with human asthma.

Equine Asthma Syndrome

This part elaborates on the features of EAS in horses, which include:

  • Airflow obstruction, cough, and airway hyperresponsiveness.
  • Inflammation and remodeling of the airways, infiltrates of neutrophils (a type of immune cells), and excessive production of mucus.
  • Chronic activation of the innate immune response, which is the body’s first line of defense against infections.

Horse as a Model

The paper then discusses the potential utility of horses as models for studying asthma induced by organic dusts in humans. Important points in this section include:

  • Severe EAS mirrors various phenotypes of human asthma, such as allergic, non-allergic, late onset, and severe asthma, therefore making it a naturally occurring and biologically relevant model.
  • Applying knowledge obtained from EAS studies could help us understand the environmental and immune factors contributing to similar asthma conditions in humans who are exposed to organic dusts.

Cite This Article

APA
Sheats MK, Davis KU, Poole JA. (2019). Comparative Review of Asthma in Farmers and Horses. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep, 19(11), 50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-019-0882-2

Publication

Current allergy and asthma reports
ISSN: 1534-6315
NlmUniqueID: 101096440
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 19
Issue: 11
Pages: 50

Researcher Affiliations

Sheats, M Katie
  • Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA. mkpeed@ncsu.edu.
Davis, Kaori U
  • Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
Poole, Jill A
  • Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5990, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Asthma / genetics
  • Asthma / immunology
  • Asthma / pathology
  • Asthma / veterinary
  • Environmental Exposure
  • Farmers
  • Horse Diseases / genetics
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horses
  • Humans

Grant Funding

  • R01 ES019325 / NIEHS NIH HHS

Conflict of Interest Statement

Compliance with Ethical Standards. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this manuscript.

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