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Journal of biomechanical engineering2019; 142(2); 0245011-0245016; doi: 10.1115/1.4044031

Comparison Between the Hyperelastic Behavior of Fresh and Frozen Equine Articular Cartilage in Various Joints.

Abstract: Fresh and frozen cartilage samples of the fetlock, carpus, and stifle were collected from 12 deceased horses. Half were measured immediately following extraction, and half were frozen for seven days and then measured. Seven indentations (various normalized displacements) were implemented with an indention rate of 0.1 mm/s. Solid phase aggregate modulus (Es), hyperelastic material constant (α), and fluid load fraction (F') of equine articular cartilage were assessed using the Ogden hyperelastic model. The properties were statistically compared in various joints (fetlock, carpus, and stifle), and between fresh and frozen samples using various statistical models. There was no statistical difference between the fetlock and carpus in the aggregate modulus (p = 0.5084), while both were significantly different from the stifle (fetlock: p = 0.0017 and carpus: p = 0.0406). For the hyperelastic material constant, no statistical differences between joints were observed (p = 0.3310). For the fluid load fraction, the fetlock and stifle comparison showed a difference (p = 0.0333), while the carpus was not different from the fetlock (p = 0.1563) or stifle (p = 0.3862). Comparison between the fresh and frozen articular cartilage demonstrated no significant difference among the joints in the three material properties: p = 0.9418, p = 0.7031, and p = 0.9313 for the aggregate modulus, the hyperelastic material constant, and the fluid load fraction, respectively.
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Publication Date: 2019-06-16 PubMed ID: 31201742PubMed Central: PMC7104741DOI: 10.1115/1.4044031Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focuses on the differences in hyperelastic behavior between fresh and frozen horse joint cartilage. The study found no significant variation in the material properties of the joint cartilage, such as the solid phase aggregate modulus, the hyperelastic material constant, and the fluid load fraction, regardless of whether the cartilage was fresh or had been frozen.

Material and Method

  • The research involved the collection of cartilage samples from various joints (fetlock, carpus, and stifle) of 12 dead horses. Half of the samples were studied immediately, while the other half were frozen for a week before the study.
  • To measure and compare the properties, the researchers made seven indentations, or impressions, on the cartilage with normalized displacements using an indention rate of 0.1mm/s.

Main Focus and Techniques Used

  • The study primarily explored the hyperelastic behavior of the equine articular cartilage. Hyperelastic materials are rubber-like substances that can stretch exponentially without breaking and recover to their former shape when the load is removed.
  • The research used the Ogden hyperelastic model, a non-linear elastic model, to assess the solid phase aggregate modulus (Es), the hyperelastic material constant (α), and the fluid load fraction (F’) of the cartilage.

Important Findings

  • Comparison of fetlock and carpus did not display significant variation in terms of the aggregate modulus, which is a measure of a substance’s resistance to uniform pressure. Both the fetlock and carpus, however, differed significantly from the stifle joint.
  • No differences were noted between the joints when evaluating the hyperelastic material constant (α), a value that gives information about the elasticity and flexibility of the material.
  • For the fluid load fraction, a parameter that indicates how the load is distributed between the solid and fluid components of the cartilage, a difference was observed between the fetlock and stifle. But, the carpus was not different from either.
  • Notably, there was no significant difference between fresh and frozen articular cartilage in all evaluated material properties, suggesting that the freezing process does not alter these qualities.

Cite This Article

APA
Lee H, Campbell WD, Theis KM, Canning ME, Ennis HY, Jackson RL, Hanson RR. (2019). Comparison Between the Hyperelastic Behavior of Fresh and Frozen Equine Articular Cartilage in Various Joints. J Biomech Eng, 142(2), 0245011-0245016. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4044031

Publication

Journal of biomechanical engineering
ISSN: 1528-8951
NlmUniqueID: 7909584
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 142
Issue: 2
Pages: 0245011-0245016
PII: 024501

Researcher Affiliations

Lee, Hyeon
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, 460 Old Turner Street (MC 0710), 100S Randolph Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061.
Campbell, William D
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849.
Theis, Kelcie M
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849.
Canning, Margaret E
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn 36849, AL.
Ennis, Hannah Y
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn 36849, AL.
Jackson, Robert L
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849.
Hanson, R Reid
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn 36849, AL.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Biomechanical Phenomena
  • Cartilage, Articular
  • Horses
  • Joints

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. He J, Wine I, Wu K, Sevick J, Laouar L, Jomha NM, Westover L. Effect of vitrification on mechanical properties of porcine articular cartilage. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2022 Oct;236(10):1521-1527.
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