Comparison of the efficacy of inactivated combination and modified-live virus vaccines against challenge infection with neuropathogenic equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1).
Abstract: Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is a ubiquitous alphaherpesvirus of horses which causes rhinopneumonitis, abortion and myeloencephalopathy. To test the efficacy of commercial vaccines in protection against neurological EHV-1 challenge, groups of five horses were immunized with modified-live virus or an inactivated vaccine, or received placebo. Horses were challenged by aerosol with a recent virus isolate obtained from a case of paralytic EHV-1. The duration of fever decreased significantly in the modified-live virus vaccine group. Three animals in each of the inactivate and control groups showed alterations in neurological status. When compared to the inactivated vaccine, the modified-live virus vaccine induced significantly lower virus-neutralizing antibodies over the course of the study. The modified-live virus vaccine resulted in low EHV-1-specific IgG(T)/IgGa and IgG(T)/IgGb ratios, suggesting a bias towards a cytotoxic immune response. Virus shedding from the nasopharynx was almost undetectable in the modified-live virus group, and was significantly lower when compared to that in the other groups. Normalized lymphocyte viral genome copies were similar for the three groups, although animals vaccinated with the modified-live virus vaccine were qPCR-positive on fewer days when compared to those of the other groups. Based on data from neurological signs, rectal temperatures, virus isolation from nasal swabs and immune response specificity, we concluded that protection induced by the modified-live virus vaccine is superior to that induced by the inactivated combination vaccine.
Publication Date: 2006-02-13 PubMed ID: 16513225DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.01.062Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article discusses a study comparing the effectiveness of the modified-live virus and inactivated combination vaccines in protecting horses from a neurological challenge posed by the equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1). It concludes that the modified-live virus vaccine offers superior protection against EHV-1.
Research Objective and Methodology
- The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two commercial equine vaccines against equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), a common virus affecting horses that can cause rhinopneumonitis, abortion, and myeloencephalopathy.
- To conduct this investigation, groups of five horses were immunized either with a modified-live virus vaccine, an inactivated vaccine, or were given a placebo.
- The horses were subsequently challenged with a recent strain of the EHV-1 virus, which had been isolated from a paralytic case of EHV-1.
- The researchers measured multiple factors, such as duration of fever, alterations in neurological status, virus-neutralizing antibodies, specific immune response, virus shedding and the presence of viral genome copies in lymphocytes.
Research Outcomes
- The research found that the duration of fever significantly decreased in the group of horses immunized with the modified-live virus vaccine.
- Different immune responses were noted in horses vaccinated with the two different types. The modified-live virus vaccine induced significantly lower virus-neutralizing antibodies over the course of the study, suggesting a shift towards a cytotoxic immune response.
- The modified-live virus vaccine was found to inhibit virus shedding from the nasopharynx (almost undetectable virus shedding in this group), which was significantly lower compared to the other groups.
- The vaccination with the modified-live virus vaccine resulted in qPCR-positive results on fewer days as compared to the other groups, indicating lower levels of viral genome copies in lymphocytes.
- Based on observations of neurological signs, rectal temperatures, virus isolation from nasal swabs, and immune response specificity, it was concluded that the modified-live virus vaccine provides superior protection against EHV-1 compared to the inactivated combination vaccine.
Cite This Article
APA
Goodman LB, Wagner B, Flaminio MJ, Sussman KH, Metzger SM, Holland R, Osterrieder N.
(2006).
Comparison of the efficacy of inactivated combination and modified-live virus vaccines against challenge infection with neuropathogenic equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1).
Vaccine, 24(17), 3636-3645.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.01.062 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Herpesviridae Infections / prevention & control
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesviridae Infections / virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus Vaccines / immunology
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Immunoglobulin G / blood
- Immunoglobulin G / classification
- Nasopharynx / virology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Respiration
- Vaccination / veterinary
- Vaccines, Inactivated / immunology
- Virus Shedding
Citations
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