FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Insects / Comparison of Trap and Equine Attraction to Mosquitoes.
Insects2023; 14(4); 374; doi: 10.3390/insects14040374

Comparison of Trap and Equine Attraction to Mosquitoes.

Abstract: Mosquitoes are pests of horses, but mosquito trap efficacy data, especially the ability of traps to protect horses, are lacking. Studies were conducted to investigate the comparative attraction between traps and horses, increase trap attraction by adding horse odors to the airstream of a trap, determine the spatial distribution of adult mosquitoes, estimate the numbers of mosquitoes feeding on horses, determine the relative attraction of horses to mosquitoes, and estimate the range of mosquitoes' attraction between two horses. When a horse and a mosquito trap were placed 3.5 m apart, there was a significant reduction in mosquitoes entering the trap. Adding horse odors to the airstream of a trap produced equivocal results because the horse providing the odors influenced the trap catches. Mosquitoes were not evenly distributed across the study site, which emphasized the importance of trap placement. Vacuuming mosquitoes from the horses in different seasons demonstrated that 324 and 359 mosquitoes per hour were feeding during the two studies. Separate analysis of data from the two horses vacuumed simultaneously revealed that one horse attracted twice as many mosquitoes as the other. This caused the results of a study to determine the attraction range of two horses moved from 3.5 to 20.4 m apart to be inconclusive.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2023-04-11 PubMed ID: 37103188PubMed Central: PMC10145861DOI: 10.3390/insects14040374Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the ways in which mosquitoes are attracted to horses and compares them to the efficacy of mosquito traps. The study explores how changing trap parameters and horse-related factors can influence mosquito attraction, aiming to improve pest control strategies.

Comparison between Traps and Horses

  • The study initiated by comparing the attraction between mosquitoes, horses, and traps. A significant observation was that when a horse and a mosquito trap were placed close to each other (3.5 meters apart), fewer mosquitoes were drawn towards the trap. This suggests that the presence of the horse interfered with the trap’s efficacy.

Enhancing Trap Attraction with Horse Odors

  • The researchers tried to enhance the attraction of the mosquito trap by adding horse odors into the trap’s airstream. However, the results were inconsistent. It turned out that the specific horse providing the odors had a significant influence on the number of mosquitoes caught in the trap.

Spatial Distribution of Mosquitoes

  • The study also determined that mosquitoes were not uniformly distributed across the study site. This highlighted the importance of the correct placement of mosquito traps to maximise their efficiency.

Estimation of Mosquito Feeding on Horses

  • By vacuuming mosquitoes off horses at different seasons, the researchers estimated that there were around 324 to 359 mosquitoes feeding on horses per hour during the course of the two separate studies.

Relative Attraction of Horses to Mosquitoes

  • The team also discovered that different horses attracted different numbers of mosquitoes. The data showed one horse attracted twice as many mosquitoes as another during the same period.
  • On trying to determine the range of mosquitoes’ attraction between two horses positioned between 3.5 meters and 20.4 meters, they couldn’t ascertain concrete results due to the differing attraction levels between the horses.

Conclusion

  • In conclusion, this research reinforces the complexity of mosquito attraction and trapping, emphasising the need for further studies to refine mosquito control strategies. Different factors like trap placement and odors emitted can significantly impact trap efficacy, and horses themselves can also vary in their attractiveness to mosquitoes.

Cite This Article

APA
Dilling SC, TenBroeck SH, Hogsette JA, Kline DL. (2023). Comparison of Trap and Equine Attraction to Mosquitoes. Insects, 14(4), 374. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14040374

Publication

Insects
ISSN: 2075-4450
NlmUniqueID: 101574235
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
PII: 374

Researcher Affiliations

Dilling, Sarah C
  • Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
TenBroeck, Saundra H
  • Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Hogsette, Jerome A
  • USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
Kline, Daniel L
  • USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 30 references
  1. Vitela-Mendoza I, Cruz-Vázquez C, Solano-Vergara J, Orihuela-Trujillo A. Short communication: Relationship between serum cortisol concentration and defensive behavioral responses of dairy cows exposed to natural infestation by stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans.. J Dairy Sci 2016 Dec;99(12):9912-9916.
    doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11484pubmed: 27665135google scholar: lookup
  2. Tam TL, Hogsette J, TenBroeck S. Can Attractive Sticky Traps Be Used to Protect Horses From the Bites of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae).. J Econ Entomol 2019 Sep 23;112(5):2469-2473.
    doi: 10.1093/jee/toz134pubmed: 31228245google scholar: lookup
  3. Pitzer JB, Kaufman PE, Tenbroeck SH, Maruniak JE. Host blood meal identification by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for dispersal evidence of stable flies (Diptera:Muscidae) between livestock facilities.. J Med Entomol 2011 Jan;48(1):53-60.
    doi: 10.1603/ME10123pubmed: 21337948google scholar: lookup
  4. Liu N. Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: impact, mechanisms, and research directions.. Annu Rev Entomol 2015 Jan 7;60:537-59.
    doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010814-020828pubmed: 25564745google scholar: lookup
  5. Reeves WK, Miller MM. Aqueous 2% geraniol as a mosquito repellent failed against Aedes aegypti on ponies.. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2010 Sep;26(3):340-1.
    doi: 10.2987/10-6000.1pubmed: 21033064google scholar: lookup
  6. Debboun M, Strickman D. Insect repellents and associated personal protection for a reduction in human disease.. Med Vet Entomol 2013 Mar;27(1):1-9.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2012.01020.xpubmed: 22624654google scholar: lookup
  7. Achee NL, Grieco JP, Vatandoost H, Seixas G, Pinto J, Ching-Ng L, Martins AJ, Juntarajumnong W, Corbel V, Gouagna C, David JP, Logan JG, Orsborne J, Marois E, Devine GJ, Vontas J. Alternative strategies for mosquito-borne arbovirus control.. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019 Jan;13(1):e0006822.
    pmc: PMC6317787pubmed: 30605475doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006822google scholar: lookup
  8. Cilek JE, Weston JR, Richardson AG. Comparison of Adult Mosquito Abundance From Biogents-2 Sentinel and Biogents Gravid Aedes Traps In Northeastern Florida.. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2017 Dec;33(4):358-360.
    doi: 10.2987/17-6678.1pubmed: 29369031google scholar: lookup
  9. Sriwichai P, Karl S, Samung Y, Sumruayphol S, Kiattibutr K, Payakkapol A, Mueller I, Yan G, Cui L, Sattabongkot J. Evaluation of CDC light traps for mosquito surveillance in a malaria endemic area on the Thai-Myanmar border.. Parasit Vectors 2015 Dec 15;8:636.
    doi: 10.1186/s13071-015-1225-3pmc: PMC4678759pubmed: 26666683google scholar: lookup
  10. Poulin B, Lefebvre G, Muranyi-Kovacs C, Hilaire S. Mosquito Traps: An Innovative, Environmentally Friendly Technique to Control Mosquitoes.. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017 Mar 18;14(3).
    doi: 10.3390/ijerph14030313pmc: PMC5369149pubmed: 28335456google scholar: lookup
  11. Kline DL. Comparison of two American biophysics mosquito traps: the professional and a new counterflow geometry trap.. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1999 Sep;15(3):276-82.
    pubmed: 10480115
  12. Kline DL, Mann MO. Evaluation of butanone, carbon dioxide, and 1-octen-3-OL as attractants for mosquitoes associated with north central Florida bay and cypress swamps.. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1998 Sep;14(3):289-97.
    pubmed: 9813827
  13. Campbell CB, Kline DL, Hogsette JA, TenBroeck SH. Species complex of mosquitoes captured by mechanical traps and an equine host.. Int. J. Vet. Sci. Res. 2021;7:169–177.
    doi: 10.17352/ijvsr.000097google scholar: lookup
  14. SAS Institute . SAS Release ed. 8.2. SAS Institute; Cary, NC, USA: 2001.
  15. Schmidt RF. Relationship of landing count observations to the time of sunset.. Wing Beats Fla. Mosq. Control Assoc. 2003;14:12–19.
  16. Njoroge MM, Fillinger U, Saddler A, Moore S, Takken W, van Loon JJA, Hiscox A. Evaluating putative repellent 'push' and attractive 'pull' components for manipulating the odour orientation of host-seeking malaria vectors in the peri-domestic space.. Parasit Vectors 2021 Jan 11;14(1):42.
    doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04556-7pmc: PMC7802213pubmed: 33430963google scholar: lookup
  17. Burkett DA, Lee WJ, Lee KW, Kim HC, Lee HI, Lee JS, Shin EH, Wirtz RA, Cho HW, Claborn DM, Coleman RE, Klein TA. Light, carbon dioxide, and octenol-baited mosquito trap and host-seeking activity evaluations for mosquitoes in a malarious area of the Republic of Korea.. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2001 Sep;17(3):196-205.
    pubmed: 14529088
  18. Tsikolia M, Opatz T, Kauhl U, Tabanca N, Demirci B, TenBroeck SH, Linthicum KJ, Bernier UR. Trials for gathering information on an unknown peak in the GCMS spectra of horse and pony hair extracts.. Adv. Entomol. 2021;9:100–111.
    doi: 10.4236/ae.2021.92009google scholar: lookup
  19. Li Y, Zhou G, Zhong S, Wang X, Zhong D, Hemming-Schroeder E, Yi G, Fu F, Fu F, Cui L, Cui G, Yan G. Spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of mosquito population density and community structure in Hainan Island, China.. Parasit Vectors 2020 Sep 4;13(1):444.
    doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04326-5pmc: PMC7650291pubmed: 32887654google scholar: lookup
  20. Smith DL, Dushoff J, McKenzie FE. The risk of a mosquito-borne infection in a heterogeneous environment.. PLoS Biol 2004 Nov;2(11):e368.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020368pmc: PMC524252pubmed: 15510228google scholar: lookup
  21. Muir LE, Kay BH, Thorne MJ. Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) vision: response to stimuli from the optical environment.. J Med Entomol 1992 May;29(3):445-50.
    doi: 10.1093/jmedent/29.3.445pubmed: 1625292google scholar: lookup
  22. Steelman CD. Economic thresholds in mosquito IPM programs.. Mosq. News. 1979;39:730–742.
  23. Byford RL, Craig ME, Crosby BL. A review of ectoparasites and their effect on cattle production.. J Anim Sci 1992 Feb;70(2):597-602.
    doi: 10.2527/1992.702597xpubmed: 1347767google scholar: lookup
  24. Sardelis MR, Turell MJ, Dohm DJ, O'Guinn ML. Vector competence of selected North American Culex and Coquillettidia mosquitoes for West Nile virus.. Emerg Infect Dis 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):1018-22.
    doi: 10.3201/eid0706.010617pmc: PMC2631924pubmed: 11747732google scholar: lookup
  25. Khan AA, Maibach HI, Strauss WG, Fenley WR. Screening humans for degrees of attractiveness of mosquitoes.. J Econ Entomol 1965 Aug;58(4):694-7.
    doi: 10.1093/jee/58.4.694pubmed: 5826348google scholar: lookup
  26. Hogsette JA, Foil LD. Blue and Black Cloth Targets: Effects of Size, Shape, and Color on Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Attraction.. J Econ Entomol 2018 Apr 2;111(2):974-979.
    doi: 10.1093/jee/toy015pubmed: 29471415google scholar: lookup
  27. Kirkeby C, Græsbøll K, Stockmarr A, Christiansen LE, Bødker R. The range of attraction for light traps catching Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).. Parasit Vectors 2013 Mar 15;6:67.
    doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-67pmc: PMC3617071pubmed: 23497628google scholar: lookup
  28. Hall DR, Beevor PS, Cork A, Nesbit BF, Vale GA. 1-Octen-3-ol: A potent olfactory stimulant and attractant for tsetse isolated from cattle odours.. Insect Sci. Appl. 1984;5:335–339.
    doi: 10.1017/S1742758400008626google scholar: lookup
  29. Kline DL. Olfactory attractants for mosquito surveillance and control: 1-octen-3-ol.. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1994 Jun;10(2 Pt 2):280-7.
    pubmed: 8965080
  30. Hogsette JA, Ose GA. Improved capture of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) by placement of knight stick sticky fly traps protected by electric fence inside animal exhibit yards at the Smithsonian's National Zoological Park.. Zoo Biol 2017 Dec;36(6):382-386.
    doi: 10.1002/zoo.21382pubmed: 29105825google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 0 times.
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,357 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.