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Computed Tomographic Assessment of Individual Paranasal Sinus Compartment and Nasal Conchal Bulla Involvement in 300 Cases of Equine Sinonasal Disease.
Abstract: Computed tomographic (CT) imaging has allowed new anatomical studies and detailed clinical imaging of the complex, overlapping equine sinonasal structures. Despite the widespread use of CT, no study has specifically identified which compartments are most commonly affected with sinus disorders. CT has also shown the presence of intercurrent, ipsilateral nasal disorders, especially infection of the nasal conchal bullae (NCB) in many cases of sinus disease, but the frequency of intercurrent NCB infections has not been reported. To identify which sinus compartments are most commonly affected in horses with clinical sinus disorders and to record the prevalence of NCB involvement in such cases. Retrospective examination of CT images of horses with confirmed unilateral sinus disease. The CT images of 300 horses, from three different equine hospitals with clinically confirmed sinus disease [mainly dental (53%) and primary sinusitis (25.7%)] were retrospectively examined to determine which sinus compartments and NCBs were affected. The rostral, more dependent sinus compartments were most commonly involved, i.e., the rostral maxillary sinus in 284/300 (94.7% affected) and the ventral conchal sinus (87% affected). The caudal maxillary sinus (65.3%), dorsal conchal sinus (52.7%), frontal sinus (26%), ethmoidal sinus (32%) and sphenopalatine sinus (28.7%) were less commonly affected. There was infection or destruction of the ipsilateral NCBs in 56% of horses with sinus disorders, including the ventral NCBs in 42.3%, dorsal NCBs in 29% and both NCBs in 18% of cases. The horses with sinonasal disease that underwent head CT imaging include more problematic cases and horses of high value, rather than the general horse population. The more dependant (i.e., the RMS and VCS) sinus compartments are most commonly involved in sinus disorders, with the RMS involved in nearly every case. The more dorsally located sinuses (i.e., caudal group) are less commonly involved. Many horses with sinus disease also have disorders of their nasal conchal bullae and so the term seems appropriate for these disorders.
Copyright © 2020 Dixon, Barnett, Morgan and Reardon.
Publication Date: 2020-10-27 PubMed ID: 33195594PubMed Central: PMC7652901DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.580356Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article talks about the use of Computed Tomographic (CT) imaging in identifying the most common sinus compartments affected by sinus disorders in horses, along with documenting the prevalence of nasal conchal bullae (NCB) involvement.
Research Objectives and Methodology
The researchers aimed to determine which sinus compartments in horses are most commonly affected by clinical sinus disorders and also record the frequency of the involvement of nasal conchal bullae (NCB) in such cases.
- The research involved a retrospective examination of CT images of 300 horses diagnosed with unilateral sinus disease. These horses were from three different equine hospitals.
- With the help of CT imaging, they were able to study in detail the intricate, overlapping structures of the equine sinonasal system.
Observations and Findings
The results of the study were led by the examination of CT images, which confirmed the presence of sinus disease, predominantly of dental origin (53%) or primary sinusitis (25.7%).
- The rostral (situated toward the front), more dependent sinus compartments like the rostral maxillary sinus and the ventral conchal sinus were the most involved, with 94.7% and 87% occurrence respectively.
- The involvement of caudal maxillary sinus, dorsal conchal sinus, frontal sinus, ethmoidal sinus and sphenopalatine sinus was notably less.
- Intercurrent, ipsilateral nasal disorders, particularly infection of the nasal conchal bullae (NCB) were found in 56% of horses with sinus disorders.
- Both ventral and dorsal NCBs were affected in 18% of the cases, with ventral NCBs and dorsal NCBs individually affecting 42.3% and 29% respectively.
Conclusion and Implications
The study was able to establish that the rostral maxillary sinus and ventral conchal sinus are the most commonly impacted sinus compartments in horses suffering from sinus diseases.
- The research also noted a high prevalence of nasal conchal bullae disorders in horses with sinus disease.
- This study provides critical insight to equine medical practitioners in diagnosing and treating equine sinus diseases.
- However, it’s important to note that the observed CT images and findings were primarily from horses of high value and with more problematic cases, and may not represent the general horse population’s typical clinical picture.
Cite This Article
APA
Dixon PM, Barnett TP, Morgan RE, Reardon RJM.
(2020).
Computed Tomographic Assessment of Individual Paranasal Sinus Compartment and Nasal Conchal Bulla Involvement in 300 Cases of Equine Sinonasal Disease.
Front Vet Sci, 7, 580356.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.580356 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
- Rossdales Equine Hospital, Exning, United Kingdom.
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Stieger-Vanegas SM, Hanna AL. The Role of Computed Tomography in Imaging Non-neurologic Disorders of the Head in Equine Patients. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:798216.
- Kozłowska N, Wierzbicka M, Jasiński T, Domino M. Advances in the Diagnosis of Equine Respiratory Diseases: A Review of Novel Imaging and Functional Techniques. Animals (Basel) 2022 Feb 4;12(3).
- Sidwell A, Shanklin A, Miller H, Cahoon M, Hole SL, Bianco C, Pereira R. Full Clinical Pathological and Bacteriological Investigation of a Giant Nasal Polyp Associated With the Developing Apex of the Permanent Fourth Premolar (Triadan 108) in a 3-year-old Connemara Filly: A Case Report. Vet Med Sci 2026 Jan;12(1):e70756.
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