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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Concentration Changes in Plasma Amino Acids and Their Metabo...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2025; 15(13); 1840; doi: 10.3390/ani15131840

Concentration Changes in Plasma Amino Acids and Their Metabolites in Eventing Horses During Cross-Country Competitions.

Abstract: Plasma amino acid (PAA) concentration in horses vary according to the exercise type. This study evaluated the changes in PAA levels and the associated metabolites, urea and ammonia, following short-duration, high-intensity cross-country exercise in eventing horses. Twenty eventing horses participated in 55 rides at 14 international competitions (2* to 4* levels) across five venues in Germany and Poland. Blood samples were collected at four timepoints: before exercise (TP0), at 10 min (TP1), and at 30 min (TP2) post-exercise, as well as in the morning on the day after the competition (TP3). A total of 23 different PAAs and two metabolites (ammonia and urea) were analyzed. PAA concentration difference over time was assessed by a mixed ANOVA. Significant fluctuations were observed in 18/25 parameters. For 21/23 PAAs, levels increased at TP1 and/or TP2, while cysteine concentrations decreased. Concentrations returned to pre-competition levels for 21/23 PAAs by TP3. Proline levels remained elevated ( = 0.002), while those of glycine significantly decreased ( = 0.027) at TP3. Plasma ammonia and urea levels increased at TP1, TP2 and TP3. This study provides foundations for supplementation strategies and can inform future works exploring PAAs' role in performance and training adaptation in eventing horses and their potential as performance-related biomarkers.
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Publication Date: 2025-06-22 PubMed ID: 40646739PubMed Central: PMC12249093DOI: 10.3390/ani15131840Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study examines how the levels of plasma amino acids and related metabolites change in competitive eventing horses following a short duration, high intensity cross-country exercise.

Objective of the Research

  • The objective of this research was to analyze the fluctuation in the levels of plasma amino acids (PAAs) and their metabolites, specifically urea and ammonia, in eventing horses participating in short-duration, high-intensity cross-country exercises. The results could provide a foundation for dietary supplementation strategies for these horses and advance the understanding of PAAs’ role in performance and training adaptation.

Research Method

  • In order to achieve this, twenty eventing horses partook in 55 rides at 14 international competitions across five venues in Germany and Poland.
  • Blood samples were collected from these horses at four different timepoints – before exercise, 10 mins post-exercise, 30 mins post-exercise, and the morning after the competition.
  • The researchers then analyzed the concentration of 23 PAAs and two metabolites, ammonia and urea, within these samples. The difference in PAA concentration over the different timepoints was evaluated using mixed ANOVA statistical method.

Findings

  • Through this research, it was revealed that there were significant changes in 18 out of the 25 parameters measured. This indicates a strong correlation between high-intensity exercise and changes in the concentration of the PAAs and metabolites in eventing horses.
  • For 21 out of the 23 PAAs, the levels increased at the first and/or the second post-exercise timepoints. Conversely, the concentration of cysteine, an amino acid, decreased.
  • By the morning after the competition, concentrations had returned to pre-competition levels for 21 out of 23 PAAs. The levels of proline, another amino acid, remained elevated, while those of glycine, another amino acid, significantly decreased.
  • Furthermore, the levels of two metabolites, plasma ammonia and urea, were seen to increase at all the post-exercise timepoints, including the morning after the competition.

Implications

  • This study provides valuable insights into how competitive exercise impacts the PAA concentration in the horses’ blood and the associated physiological responses. It underscores the need for further exploration into the role of PAAs in horse exercise performance, training adaptation, and their potential as performance-related biomarkers. This information could aid in devising effective and targeted supplementation strategies to optimize the performance of eventing horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Reemtsma FP, Giers J, Horstmann S, Stoeckle SD, Gehlen H. (2025). Concentration Changes in Plasma Amino Acids and Their Metabolites in Eventing Horses During Cross-Country Competitions. Animals (Basel), 15(13), 1840. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15131840

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 13
PII: 1840

Researcher Affiliations

Reemtsma, Flora Philine
  • Equine Clinic, Internal Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14193 Berlin, Germany.
Giers, Johanna
  • Tierklinik Großmoor, Holzweg 13, 29352 Adelheidsdorf, Germany.
Horstmann, Stephanie
  • German Olympic Committee for Equestrian Sports (DOKR), Freiherr-von-Langen-Straße 15, 48231 Warendorf, Germany.
Stoeckle, Sabita Diana
  • Equine Clinic, Internal Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14193 Berlin, Germany.
Gehlen, Heidrun
  • Equine Clinic, Internal Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14193 Berlin, Germany.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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