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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vaccine / Control of EHV-1 viremia and nasal shedding by commercial va...
Vaccine2010; 28(32); 5203-5211; doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.05.065

Control of EHV-1 viremia and nasal shedding by commercial vaccines.

Abstract: Equine herpesvirus-1 is a cause of outbreaks of abortion and neurological disease. The pathogenesis of both these diseases depends on establishment of viremia. An experiment was performed to determine the protective efficacy of two commercially available vaccines used with an optimized 3-dose vaccination regime: a modified-live viral (MLV) and a high antigen load killed vaccine licensed for abortion control. The study design was a blinded, randomized challenge trial. Three groups of 8 yearling ponies received one of three treatments: MLV vaccine (Rhinomune, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.); killed vaccine (Pneumabort-K, Pfizer Animal Health); or a placebo (control group). Three vaccinations were administered at intervals of 27 and 70 days followed by challenge infection 24 days later. Clinical disease after challenge was significantly reduced in both vaccine groups; the reduction was greater in the MLV vaccine group. Nasal shedding was reduced by at least 1-2 logs in both vaccine groups. The number of days of viremia was significantly reduced in the killed vaccine group only. This study demonstrated that both commercial vaccines significantly suppressed EHV-1 disease and nasal viral shedding, and one vaccine suppressed days of viremia.
(c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2010-06-09 PubMed ID: 20538091DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.05.065Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research examined and compared the efficacy of two commercial vaccines in controlling viremia and nasal shedding of Equine Herpesvirus-1 in ponies. The study found both vaccines could significantly reduce clinical disease and viral shedding, but only one could notably minimize the duration of viremia.

Research Study Design and Procedure

  • The researchers designed their experiment as a blinded, randomized challenge trial. This means neither the researcher nor the participants knew which treatment they were receiving to eliminate bias. Randomization ensured each group had an equal chance of receiving any of the interventions.
  • This study involved three treatment groups consisting of 8 young ponies in each. The first group received a modified-live viral vaccine (MLV) called Rhinomune. The second group was given a high antigen load killed vaccine named Pneumabort-K, which is primarily used for abortion control. The third group served as the control group by getting a placebo.
  • All the participants were vaccinated three times with intervals of 27 and 70 days. They were then infected with EHV-1 after 24 days.

Findings in Clinical Disease and Nasal Shedding

  • Post-challenge, both vaccine groups showed significant reduction in clinical disease, with the MLV vaccine group having a notable higher reduction. This means the vaccines were effective in lessening the severity of EHV-1 in ponies.
  • Both vaccines were also able to minimize nasal shedding by at least 1-2 logs. Nasal shedding refers to the release of viral particles from the nose, which can lead to transmission of the virus. Therefore, reduction in nasal shedding means decreased spread of EHV-1.

Findings on Duration of Viremia

  • The research also noted the number of viremia days was only significantly reduced in the killed vaccine group. Viremia refers to the presence of viruses in the bloodstream. Reduced duration of viremia signifies a shorter period wherein the body is actively fighting off the virus.
  • Despite the MLV vaccine showing better results in reducing clinical diseases and nasal shedding, it did not have a significant reduction in viremia days, as compared to the killed vaccine.

Conclusions

  • To sum up, the research highlights the effectiveness of both the MLV and killed vaccines in managing EHV-1 by limiting the disease severity and viral shedding. However, only the killed vaccine could bring down the duration of viremia.
  • These findings are significant in informing vaccination strategies against EHV-1 and controlling its spread among equine populations. More specifically, it provides insights into how different types of vaccines may have varying effects on controlling different aspects of viral infections.

Cite This Article

APA
Goehring LS, Wagner B, Bigbie R, Hussey SB, Rao S, Morley PS, Lunn DP. (2010). Control of EHV-1 viremia and nasal shedding by commercial vaccines. Vaccine, 28(32), 5203-5211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.05.065

Publication

Vaccine
ISSN: 1873-2518
NlmUniqueID: 8406899
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 28
Issue: 32
Pages: 5203-5211

Researcher Affiliations

Goehring, L S
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Wagner, B
    Bigbie, R
      Hussey, S B
        Rao, S
          Morley, P S
            Lunn, D P

              MeSH Terms

              • Animals
              • Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood
              • Antibodies, Viral / blood
              • Antibody Formation
              • Female
              • Herpesviridae Infections / immunology
              • Herpesviridae Infections / prevention & control
              • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
              • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
              • Horse Diseases / immunology
              • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
              • Horses / immunology
              • Immunization Schedule
              • Neutralization Tests
              • Nose / immunology
              • Single-Blind Method
              • Viral Vaccines / immunology
              • Viremia / prevention & control
              • Viremia / veterinary
              • Virus Shedding

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