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Transboundary and emerging diseases2017; 64(6); 2093-2103; doi: 10.1111/tbed.12630

Coronavirus infections in horses in Saudi Arabia and Oman.

Abstract: Equine coronaviruses (ECoV) are the only coronavirus known to infect horses. So far, data on ECoV infection in horses remain limited to the USA, France and Japan and its geographic distribution is not well understood. We carried out RT-PCR on 306 nasal and 315 rectal swabs and tested 243 sera for antibodies to detect coronavirus infections in apparently healthy horses in Saudi Arabia and Oman. We document evidence of infection with ECoV and HKU23 coronavirus by RT-PCR. There was no conclusive evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in horses. Serological data suggest that lineage A betacoronavirus infections are commonly infecting horses in Saudi Arabia and Oman but antibody cross-reactivities between these viruses do not permit us to use serological data alone to identify which coronaviruses are causing these infections.
© 2017 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
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Publication Date: 2017-03-13 PubMed ID: 28296228PubMed Central: PMC7169745DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12630Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the prevalence of Equine coronaviruses (ECoV) in horses in Saudi Arabia and Oman. Using various laboratory methods, they found evidence of ECoV and another type of coronavirus, but not the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.

Research Context

  • The study focuses on coronaviruses that affect horses, primarily Equine coronaviruses (ECoV). Prior to this study, data regarding ECoV infections were largely limited to the USA, France, and Japan, making its geographic distribution unclear.
  • An added layer of context is the exploration of the presence of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in horses. This particular strain of coronavirus is known to affect humans but its presence in equine species isn’t well established.

Research Methodology

  • Conducted RT-PCR tests (Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction tests) on 306 nasal and 315 rectal swabs from horses. The RT-PCR test is a highly accurate laboratory method used to detect the presence of specific genetic material from an infectious agent, in this case, coronaviruses.
  • Tested 243 sera (the part of blood that is like water and that contains antibodies) for antibodies to detect previous coronavirus infections in the horses.

Research Findings

  • Documented evidence of infections with ECoV and another strain of coronavirus known as HKU23, determined through the RT-PCR tests.
  • Found no conclusive evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in horses through the testing process.
  • Serological data suggested that infections with lineage A betacoronavirus are common in horses in Saudi Arabia and Oman. Lineage A betacoronaviruses are a taxonomic group of coronaviruses, some of which are known to cause disease in humans.

Research Implications

  • The presence of antibody cross-reactivities between these viruses, however, makes it impossible to definitively identify which coronaviruses are causing the infections based solely on serological data.
  • Despite the study’s significant findings, more research using other scientific methods is suggested to determine the exact strains of coronaviruses infecting horses in these regions.

Cite This Article

APA
Hemida MG, Chu DKW, Perera RAPM, Ko RLW, So RTY, Ng BCY, Chan SMS, Chu S, Alnaeem AA, Alhammadi MA, Webby RJ, Poon LLM, Balasuriya UBR, Peiris M. (2017). Coronavirus infections in horses in Saudi Arabia and Oman. Transbound Emerg Dis, 64(6), 2093-2103. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12630

Publication

Transboundary and emerging diseases
ISSN: 1865-1682
NlmUniqueID: 101319538
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 64
Issue: 6
Pages: 2093-2103

Researcher Affiliations

Hemida, M G
  • Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia.
  • Department of Virology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kaferelsheik University, Kaferelsheik, Egypt.
Chu, D K W
  • School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Perera, R A P M
  • School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Ko, R L W
  • School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
So, R T Y
  • School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Ng, B C Y
  • School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Chan, S M S
  • School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Chu, S
  • School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Alnaeem, A A
  • Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia.
Alhammadi, M A
  • Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia.
Webby, R J
  • Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
Poon, L L M
  • School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Balasuriya, U B R
  • Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
  • Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Peiris, M
  • School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Betacoronavirus / genetics
  • Betacoronavirus / immunology
  • Betacoronavirus / isolation & purification
  • Chlorocebus aethiops
  • Coronavirus / genetics
  • Coronavirus / immunology
  • Coronavirus / isolation & purification
  • Coronavirus Infections / epidemiology
  • Coronavirus Infections / veterinary
  • Coronavirus Infections / virology
  • Cross Reactions
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus / genetics
  • Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus / immunology
  • Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus / isolation & purification
  • Oman / epidemiology
  • Saudi Arabia / epidemiology
  • Vero Cells

Grant Funding

  • HHSN272201500006C / NIAID NIH HHS

Conflict of Interest Statement

We declare that we have no conflict of interests.

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