Cytoarchitectonic study of the cerebral cortex in the horse brain–classification of the cortex area.
Abstract: A cytoarchitectural classification of the horse cerebral cortex was done to determine whether functional locations exist or not such as found in the human cerebral cortex. Two adult horse brains were examined by Nissl and myelin stained methods. Six cell layers of the cerebral cortex were identified and classified into five types areas based on the cytoarchitectural organization: agranular, frontal, parietal, polar and granulous types. The agranular type was seen around the gyrus sylvius. In layer V of the agranular type, there were the many large cells that seemed like Betz cells. This type was recognized as motor area. The frontal type was seen in the lower and parietal parts of the cortex. The parietal type was seen in the rostral and occipital lobes. The polar type was seen in the frontal and dorsal-occipital sides. The granulous type was seen in the anterior-lower and posterior-lateral part of the cortex. The occupational ratios of the five types, that is, agranular, frontal, parietal, polar and granulous, to the whole cerebral cortex, were calculated by three-dimensional analysis using computer system as 19.6, 27.0, 28.9, 13.6 and 10.9%, respectively. As a result of myelin stain, horizontal fibers were seen in layer IV of parietal and polar types which looked liked the line of Gennari, therefore this area was recognized as the primary visual area.
Publication Date: 2001-06-12 PubMed ID: 11398353
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research aims to understand and categorize the cellular structure of a horse’s brain, particularly the cerebral cortex, to determine whether functional areas, akin to those found in the human brain, exist.
Objective and Methods
- The researchers studied the cerebral cortex to establish if there were any specialized regions just as it is in the human brain.
- They used two adult horse brains for their research.
- These brains were carefully examined using Nissl and myelin stain methods, which shed light on detailed aspects of neuroanatomy.
Findings and Classification
- Six cell layers in the cerebral cortex were identified and divided into five distinct categories according to their cytoarchitectural organization: agranular, frontal, parietal, polar, and granulous types.
- The agranular cortex was located around the gyrus sylvius area and was rich in large cells, similar to Betz cells found in humans, leading researchers to identify this area as the motor area.
- The frontal, parietal, polar, and granulous types were spread across different regions of the cerebral cortex. The frontal type was spotted in the lower and parietal parts, the parietal type in the rostral and occipital lobes, the polar type along the frontal and dorsal-occipital sides, and finally, the granulous type in the anterior-lower and posterior-lateral sections.
Calculations and Conclusion
- The researchers conducted a three-dimensional computer analysis to calculate the occupational ratios of the five areas within the whole cerebral cortex, yielding the following percentages: agranular 19.6%, frontal 27.0%, parietal 28.9%, polar 13.6%, and granulous 10.9%.
- The myelin stain procedure revealed horizontal fibers in layer IV of parietal and polar types-like the Gennari line in humans. As a result, they identified this area as the primary visual area.
- Overall, these findings provide a comprehensive classification and understanding of the cellular structure of a horse’s cerebral cortex. This could be crucial in further studies involving brain function and neural development in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Takeuchi T, Sugita S.
(2001).
Cytoarchitectonic study of the cerebral cortex in the horse brain–classification of the cortex area.
Kaibogaku Zasshi, 76(2), 213-221.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- United Graduate School, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cerebral Cortex / cytology
- Horses / anatomy & histology
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Schmidt MJ, Knemeyer C, Heinsen H. Neuroanatomy of the equine brain as revealed by high-field (3Tesla) magnetic-resonance-imaging. PLoS One 2019;14(4):e0213814.
- Ström L, Ekesten B. Visual evoked potentials in the horse. BMC Vet Res 2016 Jun 21;12(1):120.
- Nolan M, Scott C, Hof PR, Ansorge O. Betz cells of the primary motor cortex. J Comp Neurol 2024 Jan;532(1):e25567.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
