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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Vet Sci / Dangerous Behavior and Intractable Axial Skeletal Pain in Pe...
Frontiers in veterinary science2021; 8; 734218; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.734218

Dangerous Behavior and Intractable Axial Skeletal Pain in Performance Horses: A Possible Role for Ganglioneuritis (14 Cases; 2014-2019).

Abstract: Dangerous behavior is considered an undesired trait, often attributed to poor training or bad-tempered horses. Unfortunately, horses with progressive signs of dangerous behavior are often euthanized due to concerns for rider safety and limitations in performance. However, this dangerous behavior may actually originate from chronic axial skeleton pain. This case series describes the medical histories and clinical presentations of horses presented for performance limitations and dangerous behavior judged to be related to intractable axial skeleton pain. Fourteen horses that developed severe performance limitations resulting in euthanasia were included. A complete spinal examination and behavioral responses, gait and neurologic evaluations, diagnostic imaging, gross pathologic and histopathologic examinations of the axial skeleton were performed on all horses. A tentative diagnosis of the affected spinal region was formulated using medical records, owner and trainer complaints, and antemortem examination findings. The selected spinal regions were further examined with gross and histopathologic evaluations of the associated osseous, soft tissue and neural tissues. Ten horses showed severe behavioral responses during the myofascial and mobilization examinations. Based on an aggregate evaluation, the cervicothoracic and lumbosacral regions were the most common regions believed to be the primary area of concern. All horses had moderate to severe ganglionitis present at multiple vertebral levels. Subdural and epidural hemorrhage or hematomas were a common finding (71%) in the cervicothoracic and lumbosacral regions. In this case series, neuropathic (i.e., structural) pain was judged to be the underlying cause of dangerous behavior. The dorsal root ganglia (DRG) serve an important role in relaying peripheral sensory information to the central nervous system and ganglionitis has been associated with neuropathic pain syndromes. This series highlights the need for more in-depth understanding of pain behavior and its clinical presentation and progression in chronic or severely affected horses. Limitations of the study are the lack of age-matched control DRG and the incomplete collection of DRG from every vertebral level of interest.
Copyright © 2021 Story, Nout-Lomas, Aboellail, Selberg, Barrett, Mcllwraith and Haussler.
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Publication Date: 2021-12-10 PubMed ID: 34957274PubMed Central: PMC8702524DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.734218Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the link between chronic axial skeleton pain in performance horses and dangerous behavior, suggesting that such pain, possibly resulting from ganglioneuritis, may lead to severe behavior changes, thus affecting performance and safety.

Study Purpose and Methodology

  • The study aimed to explore the possible connection between dangerous behavior in performance horses and chronic axial skeleton pain. This investigation was prompted by the observation that horses with progressive signs of dangerous behavior, often attributed to poor training or bad temperament, were frequently euthanized due to safety and performance worries.
  • The researchers compiled a case series involving the medical histories and clinical presentations of fourteen horses that exhibited dangerous behavior believed to be linked to unmanageable axial skeleton pain and had consequently been euthanized.
  • The researchers examined these horses using a complete spinal exam, behavioral responses, gait and neurologic evaluations, diagnostic imaging, as well as gross pathologic and histopathologic examinations of the axial skeleton. The team then used medical records, owner and trainer complaints and antemortem examination findings to form a tentative diagnosis of the affected spinal region.

Findings

  • Ten of the horses showed severe behavioral responses during the myofascial and mobilization examinations. The cervicothoracic and lumbosacral regions were identified as the most common areas of concern based on an aggregate evaluation.
  • All the horses were found to have moderate to severe ganglionitis at multiple vertebral levels. Furthermore, subdural and epidural hemorrhage or hematomas were commonly found (71%) in the cervicothoracic and lumbosacral regions.
  • The research concluded that neuropathic (structural) pain was the underpinning cause of the dangerous behavior observed in the affected horses. The dorsal root ganglia (DRG), responsible for transmitting peripheral sensory information to the central nervous system, were implicated due to the association of ganglionitis with neuropathic pain syndromes.

Conclusions and Limitations

  • The findings emphasize the need for a more profound understanding of pain behavior, its clinical presentation, and how it progresses in chronically or severely affected horses. This could lead to better management and treatment of health conditions in performance horses.
  • However, the study was not without limitations. There was a dearth of age-matched control DRG and incomplete collection of DRG from every vertebral level of interest, which could lead to potential biases in the findings.

Cite This Article

APA
Story MR, Nout-Lomas YS, Aboellail TA, Selberg KT, Barrett MF, Mcllwraith CW, Haussler KK. (2021). Dangerous Behavior and Intractable Axial Skeletal Pain in Performance Horses: A Possible Role for Ganglioneuritis (14 Cases; 2014-2019). Front Vet Sci, 8, 734218. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.734218

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 8
Pages: 734218
PII: 734218

Researcher Affiliations

Story, Melinda R
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
Nout-Lomas, Yvette S
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
Aboellail, Tawfik A
  • Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
Selberg, Kurt T
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
  • Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
Barrett, Myra F
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
  • Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
Mcllwraith, C Wayne
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
Haussler, Kevin K
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Maldonado MD, Parkinson SD, Story MR, Haussler KK. The Effect of Chiropractic Treatment on Limb Lameness and Concurrent Axial Skeleton Pain and Dysfunction in Horses.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Oct 19;12(20).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12202845pubmed: 36290230google scholar: lookup
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