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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Decreased Circulating Red Cell Mass Induced by Intravenous A...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2024; 14(21); 3102; doi: 10.3390/ani14213102

Decreased Circulating Red Cell Mass Induced by Intravenous Acepromazine Administration Alters Viscoelastic and Traditional Plasma Coagulation Testing Results in Healthy Horses.

Abstract: Coagulopathy is common in equine critical illness, with its early recognition being crucial for patient management and prognosis. In vitro viscoelastic (VE) hypercoagulability with decreased RCM/PCV has been demonstrated in dogs but not horses. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of acepromazine-induced (0.1 mg/kg IV) decreased RCM on VE and plasma coagulation parameters using a prospective interventional study of eight adult horses. Complete blood count (CBC), fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), packed cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS), and VCM Vet™ VE testing performed at baseline (T0), 1 h (T1), and 12 h (T2) post acepromazine administration. Splenic volume was determined ultrasonographically. The results were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc HSD test to determine the effect of time (sample). PCV decreased 13% points following acepromazine administration from T0 to T1 ( < 0.001), remaining decreased at T2 ( < 0.001). Splenic volume increased from T0 to T1 ( = 0.04) and was not different from baseline at T2. Maximal clot formation (MCF) increased from T0 ( = 0.03). PTT decreased from T0 to T1 and increased at T2 ( = 0.03). No other coagulation parameters were significantly altered. This study demonstrates a non-inflammatory acute model of anemia in horses that impacts VE and plasma-based testing.
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Publication Date: 2024-10-28 PubMed ID: 39518825PubMed Central: PMC11544851DOI: 10.3390/ani14213102Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is about the impact of the drug acepromazine on the circulating red cell mass (RCM) and coagulation tests of healthy horses.

Introduction and Objectives of the Study

  • The study is centered on coagulopathy, a condition characterized by abnormal blood clotting, which is prevalent in critically ill equines. The early detection of coagulopathy is vital for managing the health of the horse and determining its prognosis.
  • The study aims to assess the effects acepromazine, administered intravenously at 0.1mg/kg, on RCM and also on viscoelastic (VE) and plasma coagulation parameters. The drug acepromazine is known to decrease RCM.

Methodology of the Study

  • The study was a prospective interventional type and involved ten adult horses. Complete blood count (CBC), prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), fibrinogen, total solids (TS), packed cell volume (PCV), and VCM Vet VE were tested.
  • The tests were performed initially (T0), then after 1 hour (T1) and 12 hours (T2) of administering acepromazine.
  • The volume of the spleen of the horses was determined using ultrasonography.
  • The statistical analysis of the results was done using one-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc HSD test to determine the effect of time (sample) on the outcome.

Results of the Study

  • The PCV decreased significantly by 13% after administering acepromazine from T0 to T1 and remained low at T2.
  • The volume of the spleen in horses increased from T0 to T1 but returned to baseline at T2.
  • Maximum clot formation (MCF) increased from T0 indicating a hypercoagulable state.
  • PTT, which is a test of blood coagulation, decreased from T0 to T1 but increased at T2.
  • No other significant changes were observed in other coagulation parameters.

Conclusion of the Study

  • The research signifies the realization of a non-inflammatory acute model of anemia in horses, which affects the results of VE and plasma-based coagulation tests.
  • The findings of these tests are crucial to determine the right course of treatment for equines suffering from blood-related conditions.

Cite This Article

APA
Mersich I, Bishop RC, Diaz Yucupicio S, Nobrega AD, Austin SM, Barger AM, Fick ME, Wilkins PA. (2024). Decreased Circulating Red Cell Mass Induced by Intravenous Acepromazine Administration Alters Viscoelastic and Traditional Plasma Coagulation Testing Results in Healthy Horses. Animals (Basel), 14(21), 3102. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14213102

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 21
PII: 3102

Researcher Affiliations

Mersich, Ina
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
Bishop, Rebecca C
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
Diaz Yucupicio, Sandra
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
  • Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Ott Rd #110, Pullman, WA 99163, USA.
Nobrega, Ana D
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
Austin, Scott M
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
Barger, Anne M
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
Fick, Meghan E
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
  • Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, 501 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Wilkins, Pamela Anne
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.

Grant Funding

  • N/A / University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine Companion Animal Grant

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this study. Neither the funder nor Entegrion had a role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

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