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Detection and management of an outbreak of equine herpesvirus type 1 infection and associated neurological disease in a veterinary teaching hospital.
Abstract: Because of the serious disease sequelae associated with equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infections, awareness and control measures used to control outbreaks are important issues for all horse populations. Objective: Describe the occurrence and management of an outbreak of EHV-1 infection at a veterinary hospital. Methods: Horses hospitalized at a referral veterinary hospital. Methods: A horse with myeloencephalopathy associated with EHV-1 infection (EHM) was admitted for diagnostic evaluation and treatment under strict infection control procedures. We describe the occurrence and management of a nosocomial outbreak of EHV-1 infections associated with admission of this patient. Results: Despite institution of rigorous biosecurity precautions at the time of admission of the index case, EHV-1 infections spread to 6 other horses that were hospitalized at the James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hopsital, including 2 that served as sources of infection for horses on their home premises after discharge. Infection with EHV-1 was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by seroconversion documented by glycoprotein G ELISA. A voluntary quarantine was imposed and admissions were restricted to prevent additional horses from being exposed. Quarantine duration was abbreviated by serial testing of all horses with PCR. Conclusions: These findings illustrate the contagious disease risk that can accompany management of horses with EHM. Horses with active nasal EHV-1 shedding should be isolated in an airspace that is separate from other horses by strictly enforced biosecurity and isolation procedures. Serial testing with PCR may be a useful adjunct to determine when the risk of transmission has been minimized.
Copyright © 2010 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
Publication Date: 2010-06-24 PubMed ID: 20584137DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0558.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Biosecurity
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease
- Disease control
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Management
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Surveillance
- Disease Transmission
- Disease Treatment
- Equine Health
- Equine Herpesvirus
- Herd Management
- Horses
- Hospitalization
- Infection
- Infectious Disease
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Veterinary Care
- Veterinary Medicine
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research article discusses a case study of an outbreak of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) at a veterinary teaching hospital. Despite implementing stringent biosecurity measures, the virus spread to several other horses, highlighting the highly contagious nature of the disease and prompting a review of best practices for managing such outbreaks.
Context
- The study focuses on an outbreak of EHV-1, a serious disease often associated with severe consequences in horses, at a veterinary teaching hospital.
- EHV-1 is a highly contagious virus in equine populations and can cause severe problems like myeloencephalopathy
- Understanding and controlling outbreaks is crucial for protecting horse populations.
Methods
- The incident began with one horse with myeloencephalopathy associated with EHV-1, which was brought in for diagnostic evaluation and treatment.
- Rigorous biosecurity procedures were already in place, but the study outlines the further measures and responses following the outbreak.
Results
- Despite strict infection control procedures, the virus spread to six other hospitalized horses, and also infected some horses at their home premises after being discharged from the hospital.
- Infection with EHV-1 was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and seroconversion was documented using glycoprotein G ELISA, which are both standard tests for this virus.
- A voluntary quarantine was instituted and admissions were restricted to limit exposure.
- The duration of this quarantine period was shortened through serial PCR testing for all horses. By testing regularly and receiving continuous negative results, the researchers could safely conclude that the risk of transmission was diminishing.
Conclusions
- The study emphasizes that the management of horses with myeloencephalopathy due to EHV-1 presents a significant risk of transmission, even with stringent biosecurity measures.
- Recommendations are made for the isolation of horses actively shedding the EHV-1 virus.
- The use of continuous PCR testing can assist in determining when the risk of transmission has been minimized and normal operations can resume.
Cite This Article
APA
Goehring LS, Landolt GA, Morley PS.
(2010).
Detection and management of an outbreak of equine herpesvirus type 1 infection and associated neurological disease in a veterinary teaching hospital.
J Vet Intern Med, 24(5), 1176-1183.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0558.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. lutz.goehring@colostate.edu
MeSH Terms
- Acyclovir / analogs & derivatives
- Acyclovir / therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
- Colorado / epidemiology
- Cross Infection / epidemiology
- Cross Infection / veterinary
- Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
- Encephalomyelitis / veterinary
- Encephalomyelitis / virology
- Female
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / transmission
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Hospitals, Animal
- Infection Control
- Male
- Schools, Veterinary
- Valacyclovir
- Valine / analogs & derivatives
- Valine / therapeutic use
Citations
This article has been cited 13 times.- Khan A, Olajide E, Friedrich M, Holt A, Goehring LS. Evaluation of Non-Invasive Sampling Techniques for the Molecular Surveillance of Equid Herpesviruses in Yearling Horses. Viruses 2024 Jul 7;16(7).
- Giessler KS, Goehring LS, Jacob SI, Davis A, Esser MM, Lee Y, Zarski LM, Weber PSD, Hussey GS. Impact of the host immune response on the development of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy in horses. J Gen Virol 2024 May;105(5).
- Lunn DP, Burgess BA, Dorman DC, Goehring LS, Gross P, Osterrieder K, Pusterla N, Soboll Hussey G. Updated ACVIM consensus statement on equine herpesvirus-1. J Vet Intern Med 2024 May-Jun;38(3):1290-1299.
- Pusterla N, Barnum S, Young A, Mendonsa E, Lee S, Hankin S, Brittner S, Finno CJ. Molecular Monitoring of EHV-1 in Silently Infected Performance Horses through Nasal and Environmental Sample Testing. Pathogens 2022 Jun 24;11(7).
- Mureşan A, Mureşan C, Siteavu M, Avram E, Bochynska D, Taulescu M. An Outbreak of Equine Herpesvirus-4 in an Ecological Donkey Milk Farm in Romania. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Mar 18;10(3).
- Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Roberts HC, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Calvo AV, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Carvelli A, Paillot R, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Baldinelli F, Van der Stede Y. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): infection with Equine Herpesvirus-1. EFSA J 2022 Jan;20(1):e07036.
- Vandenberghe E, Boshuizen B, Delesalle CJG, Goehring LS, Groome KA, van Maanen K, de Bruijn CM. New Insights into the Management of an EHV-1 (Equine Hospital) Outbreak. Viruses 2021 Jul 22;13(8).
- Dayaram A, Seeber PA, Greenwood AD. Environmental Detection and Potential Transmission of Equine Herpesviruses. Pathogens 2021 Apr 1;10(4).
- Stasiak K, Dunowska M, Rola J. Outbreak of equid herpesvirus 1 abortions at the Arabian stud in Poland. BMC Vet Res 2020 Oct 6;16(1):374.
- Smith FL, Magdesian KG, Michel AO, Vaughan B, Reilly CM. Equine idiopathic hemorrhagic cystitis: Clinical features and comparison with bladder neoplasia. J Vet Intern Med 2018 May;32(3):1202-1209.
- Tallmadge RL, Žygelytė E, Van de Walle GR, Kristie TM, Felippe MJB. Effect of a Histone Demethylase Inhibitor on Equine Herpesvirus-1 Activity In Vitro. Front Vet Sci 2018;5:34.
- Bryant NA, Wilkie GS, Russell CA, Compston L, Grafham D, Clissold L, McLay K, Medcalf L, Newton R, Davison AJ, Elton DM. Genetic diversity of equine herpesvirus 1 isolated from neurological, abortigenic and respiratory disease outbreaks. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018 Jun;65(3):817-832.
- Walter J, Seeh C, Fey K, Bleul U, Osterrieder N. Clinical observations and management of a severe equine herpesvirus type 1 outbreak with abortion and encephalomyelitis. Acta Vet Scand 2013 Mar 5;55(1):19.
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