Development of a syndromic surveillance system for detection of disease among livestock entering an auction market.
Abstract: To develop a syndromic surveillance system based on visual inspection from outside the livestock pens that could be used for detection of disease among livestock entering an auction market. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Methods: All livestock (beef and dairy cattle, sheep, goats, horses, and pigs) entering a single auction market in Colorado during 30 business days. Procedures-Livestock were enumerated and visually inspected for clinical signs of disease by a veterinarian outside the pens, and clinical signs that were observed were categorized into 12 disease syndromes. Frequency of clinical signs and disease syndromes was then calculated. Results: Data were recorded for a total of 29,371 animal observation days. For all species combined, the most common disease syndrome was respiratory tract disease (218.9 observations/10,000 animal observation days), followed by thin body condition and abnormal ambulation or posture (80.7 and 27.2 observations/10,000 animal observation days, respectively). Together, these 3 disease syndromes accounted for 92.8% of all clinical signs of disease observed. The syndromes least commonly identified were non-injury-related hemorrhage, death, and injury-related hemorrhage (0.0, 0.3, and 0.7 observations/10,000 animal observation days, respectively). Conclusions: Results suggested that a syndromic surveillance system based on visual inspection alone could be developed to identify possible disease conditions among livestock at an auction market. Further studies are needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of visual observation in detecting disease.
Publication Date: 2009-03-03 PubMed ID: 19250046DOI: 10.2460/javma.234.5.658Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Animal Health
- Clinical Signs
- Disease control
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Disease Management
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Surveillance
- Disease Treatment
- Epidemiology
- Equine Health
- Livestock
- Observational Study
- Public Health
- Respiratory Disease
- Veterinary Care
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
- Veterinary Science
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The study aimed to create a syndromic surveillance system that could detect disease in livestock by visual inspection from outside their pens during auction. The system was developed based on a cross-sectional study carried out on all livestock entering a single auction market in Colorado during thirty business days.
Methods
- The research involved a cross-sectional study of all livestock entering a certain auction market in Colorado over a period of thirty business days.
- Species included in the study were beef and dairy cattle, sheep, goats, horses and pigs.
- The livestock were counted and visually inspected for any clinical signs of disease by a veterinarian from outside their pens.
- Any clinical signs that were observed were divided into twelve disease syndromes.
- Once the data was collected, researchers calculated the frequency of the clinical signs and disease syndromes.
Results
- A total of 29,371 animal observation days were recorded in the study.
- After combining all species, the most common disease syndrome identified was respiratory tract disease with 218.9 observations per 10,000 animal observation days.
- This was followed by thin body condition and abnormal ambulation or posture, with 80.7 and 27.2 observations per 10,000 animal observation days, respectively.
- These three disease syndromes accounted for 92.8% of all discovered clinical signs of disease.
- Non-injury-related hemorrhage, death, and injury-related hemorrhage were the least common syndromes, with either no observations or very few (0.3 and 0.7 observations per 10,000 animal observation days).
Conclusion
- The results indicate that a syndromic surveillance system based solely on visual inspection could be developed to detect potential disease conditions in livestock at an auction market.
- However, more research is needed to determine the accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of visual observation as a method for disease detection.
Cite This Article
APA
Van Metre DC, Barkey DQ, Salman MD, Morley PS.
(2009).
Development of a syndromic surveillance system for detection of disease among livestock entering an auction market.
J Am Vet Med Assoc, 234(5), 658-664.
https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.234.5.658 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1678, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animal Diseases / diagnosis
- Animal Diseases / epidemiology
- Animal Diseases / pathology
- Animals
- Cattle
- Colorado / epidemiology
- Commerce
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Disease Outbreaks / prevention & control
- Disease Outbreaks / statistics & numerical data
- Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
- Female
- Goats
- Horses
- Male
- Meat
- Sentinel Surveillance / veterinary
- Sheep
- Swine
- Syndrome
Citations
This article has been cited 13 times.- Ngoshe YB, Etter E, Gomez-Vazquez JP, Thompson PN. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Communal Livestock Farmers regarding Animal Health and Zoonoses in Far Northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Dec 28;20(1).
- Lustgarten JL, Zehnder A, Shipman W, Gancher E, Webb TL. Veterinary informatics: forging the future between veterinary medicine, human medicine, and One Health initiatives-a joint paper by the Association for Veterinary Informatics (AVI) and the CTSA One Health Alliance (COHA).. JAMIA Open 2020 Jul;3(2):306-317.
- Cockram MS. Fitness of animals for transport to slaughter.. Can Vet J 2019 Apr;60(4):423-429.
- Hernández-Jover M, Schembri N, Holyoake PK, Toribio JL, Martin PA. A Comparative Assessment of the Risks of Introduction and Spread of Foot-and-Mouth Disease among Different Pig Sectors in Australia.. Front Vet Sci 2016;3:85.
- Gates MC, Holmstrom LK, Biggers KE, Beckham TR. Integrating novel data streams to support biosurveillance in commercial livestock production systems in developed countries: challenges and opportunities.. Front Public Health 2015;3:74.
- Rodríguez-Prieto V, Vicente-Rubiano M, Sánchez-Matamoros A, Rubio-Guerri C, Melero M, Martínez-López B, Martínez-Avilés M, Hoinville L, Vergne T, Comin A, Schauer B, Dórea F, Pfeiffer DU, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. Systematic review of surveillance systems and methods for early detection of exotic, new and re-emerging diseases in animal populations.. Epidemiol Infect 2015 Jul;143(10):2018-42.
- Thomas-Bachli AL, Pearl DL, Friendship RM, Berke O. Exploring relationships between whole carcass condemnation abattoir data, non-disease factors and disease outbreaks in swine herds in Ontario (2001-2007).. BMC Res Notes 2014 Mar 28;7:185.
- Alton GD, Pearl DL, Bateman KG, McNab B, Berke O. Comparison of covariate adjustment methods using space-time scan statistics for food animal syndromic surveillance.. BMC Vet Res 2013 Nov 18;9:231.
- Sawford K, Vollman AR, Stephen C. A focused ethnographic study of Sri Lankan government field veterinarians' decision making about diagnostic laboratory submissions and perceptions of surveillance.. PLoS One 2012;7(10):e48035.
- Alton GD, Pearl DL, Bateman KG, McNab WB, Berke O. Suitability of bovine portion condemnations at provincially-inspected abattoirs in Ontario Canada for food animal syndromic surveillance.. BMC Vet Res 2012 Jun 22;8:88.
- Thomas-Bachli AL, Pearl DL, Friendship RM, Berke O. Suitability and limitations of portion-specific abattoir data as part of an early warning system for emerging diseases of swine in Ontario.. BMC Vet Res 2012 Jan 6;8:3.
- Robertson C, Sawford K, Gunawardana WS, Nelson TA, Nathoo F, Stephen C. A hidden Markov model for analysis of frontline veterinary data for emerging zoonotic disease surveillance.. PLoS One 2011;6(9):e24833.
- Alton GD, Pearl DL, Bateman KG, McNab WB, Berke O. Factors associated with whole carcass condemnation rates in provincially-inspected abattoirs in Ontario 2001-2007: implications for food animal syndromic surveillance.. BMC Vet Res 2010 Aug 12;6:42.
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