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The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice2018; 34(1); 39-53; doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2017.11.002

Diagnosis and Treatment of Undifferentiated and Infectious Acute Diarrhea in the Adult Horse.

Abstract: Acute, infectious, diarrhea in adult horses is a major cause of morbidity and is associated with numerous complications. Common causes include salmonellosis, clostridiosis, Coronavirus, and infection with Neorickettsia risticii (Potomac horse fever). Treatment is empirical and supportive until results of specific diagnostic tests are available. Supportive care is aimed at restoring hydration, correcting electrolyte imbalances, and limiting the systemic inflammatory response. The mainstays of therapy are intravenous fluid therapy, electrolyte supplementation where necessary, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, and nutritional support. Specific therapies include colloid oncotic support, antibiotics, hyperimmune plasma, polymyxin B, pentoxifylline, probiotics, binding agents, gastroprotectants, laminitis prevention, and coagulation prophylaxis.
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2018-02-14 PubMed ID: 29426709PubMed Central: PMC7134835DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2017.11.002Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study explores the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of acute infectious diarrhea in adult horses, which is a significant source of illness and related complications. The role of hydration, electrolyte balance, and anti-inflammatory measures in treatment is highlighted, alongside the use of therapies such as antibiotics, probiotics, gastroprotectants, and preventive measures against other diseases like laminitis and coagulation disorders.

Background

  • Acute diarrhea in adult horses is an important cause of sickness and associated complications, including disease due to Salmonella, Clostridium (a bacterium), a kind of virus known as Coronavirus and an infection with Neorickettsia risticii, known commonly as Potomac horse fever.

Diagnosis

  • The diagnosis of diarrhea involves empirical and supportive care until the results of precise diagnostic tests are available.
  • This means that the approach to diagnosing this ailment involves observation and experience rather than just merely relying on scientific theory or facts.

Aim of Treatment

  • The focus of treatment is to restore hydration, correct electrolyte imbalances, and limit the systemic inflammatory response.
  • Systemic inflammatory response is a widespread activation of the body’s immune system in response to an infection or injury, which if not controlled, can lead to serious health issues.

Primary Treatment Strategies

  • The principal strategies for handling this condition are intravenous fluid therapy (supplying fluids directly into a vein), where necessary, electrolyte supplementation (adding vital minerals), use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (medicines that reduce inflammation), and nutritional support.

Specific Therapies

  • The study outlines specific therapy options, which include the use of antibiotics to combat bacterial infections, probiotics to promote healthy gut flora, and binding agents to help bulk the stool and reduce diarrhea.
  • Other therapies include gastroprotectants to protect the stomach lining, preventative measures for laminitis (a disease affecting horse’s hooves), and coagulation prophylaxis (measures to prevent blood clots).
  • The use of colloid oncotic support (a technique to maintain adequate fluid balance in the bloodstream), hyperimmune plasma (a type of blood product containing many antibodies), and polymyxin B (an antibiotic) are also mentioned as potential treatment options.
  • Pentoxifylline, a drug often used to treat muscle pain in humans but here likely utilised for its anti-inflammatory properties, is another therapeutic measure noted in the study.

Cite This Article

APA
Shaw SD, Stämpfli H. (2018). Diagnosis and Treatment of Undifferentiated and Infectious Acute Diarrhea in the Adult Horse. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 34(1), 39-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2017.11.002

Publication

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice
ISSN: 1558-4224
NlmUniqueID: 8511904
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 34
Issue: 1
Pages: 39-53
PII: S0749-0739(17)30915-X

Researcher Affiliations

Shaw, Sarah D
  • Rotenberg Veterinary P.C., Palgrave, Ontario LOG 1WO, Canada; Large Animal Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
Stämpfli, Henry
  • Large Animal Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. Electronic address: hstaempf@uoguelph.ca.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Diarrhea / diagnosis
  • Diarrhea / microbiology
  • Diarrhea / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horse Diseases / therapy
  • Horses

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Citations

This article has been cited 15 times.
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