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Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)2023; 9(2); 161; doi: 10.3390/jof9020161

Diagnosis of Aspergillosis in Horses.

Abstract: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) may be a rare cause of granulomatous pneumonia in horses. The mortality of IPA is almost 100%; direct diagnostic tools in horses are needed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum samples were collected from 18 horses, including individuals suffering from IPA (n = 1), equine asthma (EA, n = 12), and 5 healthy controls. Serum samples were collected from another 6 healthy controls. Samples of BALF (n = 18) were analyzed for spp. DNA, fungal galactomannan (GM), ferricrocin (Fc), triacetylfusarinin C (TafC), and gliotoxin (Gtx). Analysis of 24 serum samples for (1,3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) and GM was performed. Median serum BDG levels were 131 pg/mL in controls and 1142 pg/mL in IPA. Similar trends were observed in BALF samples for GM (Area under the Curve (AUC) = 0.941) and DNA (AUC = 0.941). The fungal secondary metabolite Gtx was detected in IPA BALF and lung tissue samples (86 ng/mL and 2.17 ng/mg, AUC = 1).
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Publication Date: 2023-01-25 PubMed ID: 36836276PubMed Central: PMC9966232DOI: 10.3390/jof9020161Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article concerns the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in horses, a potentially fatal condition. Using serum samples and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the presence of IPA was detected by analyzing differences in metabolite concentrations between healthy horses, those with equine asthma, and those with IPA.

Introduction

In this research paper, the authors aim to explore direct diagnostic tools for detecting invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in horses, a fungal infection that causes a severe form of pneumonia. In horses, the condition is rare but deadly, with nearly all cases resulting in mortality. Accurate and early diagnosis is crucial for a chance at successful treatment.

Data Collection and Testing

  • The nature of the sample collection included both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)— a method to examine the cells and fluid in the air sacs of the lungs— and serum samples acquired from blood tests.
  • The samples were collected from 18 horses and categorized into three groups: those displaying signs of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), those with a chronic respiratory condition called equine asthma (EA), and 5 healthy control horses. Additional serum samples were collected from another 6 healthy controls.
  • Various tests were performed on the samples to detect different fungal elements: spp. DNA, fungal galactomannan (GM), ferricrocin (Fc), triacetylfusarinin C (TafC), and gliotoxin (Gtx).

Analysis and Results

  • Analysis of 24 serum samples for (1,3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) and GM was conducted. BDG is a glucose polymer found in fungal cells, and increased levels in serum are commonly associated with fungal infection. The median BDG levels in control horses’ serum were 131 pg/mL, while in IPA diagnosed horses’ serum, this was significantly higher—1142 pg/mL.
  • Similar trends were found in BALF samples for GM and DNA. The Area under the Curve (AUC) score of 0.941 signifies a very high level of diagnostic accuracy, suggesting elevated levels of these compounds are strong indicators of IPA.
  • Additionally, they detected the fungal secondary metabolite Gtx in the IPA horses’ BALF and lung tissue samples. Gtx is a toxic compound produced by the Aspergillus fungus, and its presence further confirms an IPA infection.

Conclusion

Overall, the study shows that detecting DNA and various fungal metabolites in BALF and serum samples from horses can provide a robust method of diagnosing IPA. This research contributes to the understanding of IPA diagnosis in horses and may improve their prognosis.

Cite This Article

APA
Dobiáš R, Jahn P, Tóthová K, Dobešová O, Višňovská D, Patil R, Škríba A, Jaworská P, Škorič M, Podojil L, Kantorová M, Mrázek J, Krejčí E, Stevens DA, Havlíček V. (2023). Diagnosis of Aspergillosis in Horses. J Fungi (Basel), 9(2), 161. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9020161

Publication

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2309-608X
NlmUniqueID: 101671827
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
PII: 161

Researcher Affiliations

Dobiáš, Radim
  • Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Public Health Institute in Ostrava, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Jahn, Petr
  • Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
Tóthová, Katarina
  • Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
Dobešová, Olga
  • Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
Višňovská, Denisa
  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
  • Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Patil, Rutuja
  • Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
  • Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Škríba, Anton
  • Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
Jaworská, Pavla
  • Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Public Health Institute in Ostrava, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Škorič, Miša
  • Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
Podojil, Libor
  • Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
Kantorová, Michaela
  • Department of Molecular Biology, Public Health Institute in Ostrava, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Mrázek, Jakub
  • Department of Molecular Biology, Public Health Institute in Ostrava, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Krejčí, Eva
  • Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Public Health Institute in Ostrava, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Stevens, David A
  • California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA 95128, USA.
  • Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 95128, USA.
Havlíček, Vladimír
  • Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
  • Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.

Grant Funding

  • 21-17044S / Grant Agency of the Czech Republic
  • 109/2019/FVL / Internal Grant Agency of the University of Veterinary Sciences Brno

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Dobiáš R, Stevens DA, Havlíček V. Current and Future Pathways in Aspergillus Diagnosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023 Feb 13;12(2).
    doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12020385pubmed: 36830296google scholar: lookup
  2. Melo UP, Ferreira C, Barreto SWM. Pulmonary aspergillosis in a horse: a case report. Braz J Vet Med 2024;46:e004723.
    doi: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm004723pubmed: 38282831google scholar: lookup
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