Diagnostic evaluation of insulin and glucose dynamics in light-breed horses receiving dexamethasone.
Abstract: Insulin dysregulation is a hallmark of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) and increases the risk for development of laminitis. Accurate diagnosis of insulin dysregulation is crucial for implementation of preventative strategies in this population. The objective was to assess the effects of dexamethasone administration on insulin and glucose dynamics in light-breed horses and assess the agreement of various diagnostic tests for insulin dysregulation [basal [insulin] (BI), oral sugar test (OST), and combined glucose-insulin test (CGIT)]. Fourteen adult light-breed horses. Prospective, experimental study to assess insulin and glucose dynamics by performing basal insulin, OST, and CGIT before (baseline) and post-dexamethasone administration (0.08 mg/kg, PO, q24h) for 7 d. Insulin and glucose dynamics were assessed by the BI, OST, CGIT, and insulin sensitivity proxy measurements (RISQI, QUICKI, FGIR, HOMA-IR, IG) at the baseline and post-dexamethasone time points. The OST area under the insulin and glucose curves were increased following dexamethasone treatment ( < 0.001 and < 0.01, respectively). Basal insulin, OST [insulin] at 60 min and CGIT [insulin] at 45 min were increased at the post-dexamethasone time point ( < 0.001, < 0.001, and < 0.01). Similarly, time spent in the positive glucose phase during the CGIT was longer at the post-dexamethasone time point ( < 0.001). The proxy measurements for insulin sensitivity (RISQI, QUICKI, FGIR) were decreased ( < 0.01) and the proxy measurements for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (IG) were increased after dexamethasone administration ( < 0.01). More horses were classified with following dexamethasone administration, based on the diagnostic criteria for basal insulin ( = 0.03), OST ( = 0.01), and CGIT ( < 0.01). coefficients, measuring agreement between basal insulin, OST, and CGIT, showed none to moderate agreement at the baseline time point. Dexamethasone administration at 0.08 mg/kg, PO, q24h for 7 d worsened insulin dysregulation in adult light-breed horses based on findings of a basal insulin, OST, CGIT, and insulin sensitivity proxy measurements. There was none to moderate agreement between the basal insulin, OST, CGIT for the diagnosis of insulin dysregulation. Horses administered dexamethasone at a dose of 0.08 mg/kg, PO, q24h for 7 d should be considered insulin dysregulation and appropriate preventative strategies should be implemented. The variability of diagnostic performance of common tests for insulin dysregulation (basal insulin, OST, CGIT) may affect clinical decisions; therefore, performing multiple tests, including proxy measurements, may improve diagnostic accuracy of insulin dysregulation. La dysrégulation de l’insuline est une caractéristique du syndrome métabolique équin (EMS) et augmente le risque de développement de la fourbure. Un diagnostic précis de la dysrégulation de l’insuline est crucial pour la mise en oeuvre de stratégies préventives dans cette population. L’objectif était d’évaluer les effets de l’administration de dexaméthasone sur la dynamique de l’insuline et du glucose chez les chevaux de race légère et d’évaluer la concordance de divers tests de diagnostic pour le dérèglement de l’insuline [insuline basale] (BI), test de sucre oral (OST) et un test glucose-insuline combiné (CGIT). Quatorze chevaux adultes de race légère. Étude prospective et expérimentale pour évaluer la dynamique de l’insuline et du glucose en effectuant l’insuline basale, l’OST et le CGIT avant (valeur de base) et après l’administration de dexaméthasone (0,08 mg/kg, PO, q24h) pendant 7 jours. La dynamique de l’insuline et du glucose a été évaluée par les mesures indirectes de BI, de l’OST, du CGIT et de la sensibilité à l’insuline (RISQI, QUICKI, FGIR, HOMA-IR, IG) aux points temporels de base et post-dexaméthasone. La zone OST sous les courbes d’insuline et de glucose a augmenté après le traitement à la dexaméthasone ( < 0,001 et < 0,01, respectivement). L’insuline basale, l’OST [insuline] à 60 minutes et le CGIT [insuline] à 45 minutes ont augmenté au point temporel post-dexaméthasone ( < 0,001, < 0,001 et < 0,01). De même, le temps passé dans la phase de glucose positif pendant le CGIT était plus long au moment post-dexaméthasone ( < 0,001). Les mesures indirectes de la sensibilité à l’insuline (RISQI, QUICKI, FGIR) ont diminué ( < 0,01) et les mesures indirectes de la résistance à l’insuline (HOMA-IR) et de la fonction des cellules β (IG) ont augmenté après l’administration de dexaméthasone ( < 0,01). Plus de chevaux ont été classés avec l’administration suivante de dexaméthasone, sur la base des critères de diagnostic de l’insuline basale ( = 0,03), OST ( = 0,01) et CGIT ( < 0,01). Les coefficients , mesurant la concordance entre l’insuline basale, l’OST et le CGIT, ont montré une concordance nulle à modérée au point de référence. L’administration de dexaméthasone à 0,08 mg/kg, PO, toutes les 24 h pendant 7 jours a aggravé la dysrégulation de l’insuline chez les chevaux adultes de race légère d’après les résultats d’une insuline basale, d’OST, de CGIT et de mesures indirectes de la sensibilité à l’insuline. Il n’y avait aucun accord à modéré entre l’insuline basale, l’OST, le CGIT pour le diagnostic de dysrégulation de l’insuline. Les chevaux ayant reçu de la dexaméthasone à une dose de 0,08 mg/kg, PO, q24h pendant 7 jours doivent être considérés comme ayant un dérèglement de l’insuline et des stratégies préventives appropriées doivent être mises en oeuvre. La variabilité des performances diagnostiques des tests courants de dysrégulation de l’insuline (insuline basale, OST, CGIT) peut affecter les décisions cliniques; par conséquent, la réalisation de plusieurs tests, y compris des mesures indirectes, peut améliorer la précision du diagnostic du dérèglement de l’insuline.(Traduit par D Serge Messier).
Copyright and/or publishing rights held by the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association.
Publication Date: 2022-06-04 PubMed ID: 35656529PubMed Central: PMC9112365
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The study investigates the effects of dexamethasone, a type of steroid, on insulin and glucose dynamics in light-breed horses for effective diagnosis of insulin dysregulation and consequent implementation of preventative strategies. The report claims that the administration of dexameth, a type of steroid, worsens insulin dysregulation in these horses, thereby implying that horses receiving this dosage should be considered at risk and cared for appropriately.
Conceptual Framework and Objective
- The research centers around the impact of dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, on insulin and glucose regulation within light-breed horses. The primary objective is to evaluate various modes of diagnosis for insulin dysregulation, which is a characteristic feature of the equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). Insulin dysregulation increases susceptibility to laminitis, a painful inflammation in the foot of horses.
Methodology
- The study involved 14 adult light-breed horses and was designed as a prospective, experimental investigation. The horses were subjected to basal insulin, oral sugar test (OST), and combined glucose-insulin test (CGIT) before and post-dexamethasone administration. The dexamethasone was administered orally, once daily for seven days at a dose of 0.08 mg/kg.
Findings and Observations
- The increase in the OST area under the insulin and glucose curves was significant after dexamethasone treatment. Similarly, basal insulin, OST at 60 min, and CGIT at 45 min resulted in increased insulin levels at the post-dexamethasone time point.
- Moreover, the time spent in the positive glucose phase during the CGIT, a phase when the glucose level in the blood is above the initial baseline level, was longer after dexamethasone administration. This suggests that the body’s ability to utilize and dispose of glucose was compromised, indicating insulin dysregulation.
- Results showed that the proxy measures for insulin sensitivity were decreased while measurements for insulin resistance and beta-cell function, which controls the release of insulin, increased after dexamethasone administration.
- More horses were classified with insulin dysregulation after dexamethasone administration based on diagnostic criteria. However, the level of agreement between the various diagnostic tests assessed (basal insulin, OST, and CGIT) was low to moderate, demonstrating a possible lack of consistency or reliability in these diagnostic measures.
Conclusions and Implications
- Dexamethasone administration led to worsened insulin dysregulation in the evaluated horses, implicating a need to consider such horses for insulin dysregulation and implement appropriate prevention strategies.
- The results emphasized the variability in diagnostic performance of the common tests for insulin dysregulation, advocating for the use of multiple tests, including proxy measurements, to improve the accuracy of diagnosis.
Cite This Article
APA
Timko KJ, Hostnik LD, Watts MR, Chen C, Bercz A, Toribio RE, Belknap JK, Burns TA.
(2022).
Diagnostic evaluation of insulin and glucose dynamics in light-breed horses receiving dexamethasone.
Can Vet J, 63(6), 617-626.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blood Glucose / metabolism
- Dexamethasone / pharmacology
- Dexamethasone / therapeutic use
- Glucose / metabolism
- Glucose Tolerance Test / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horses
- Insulin / metabolism
- Insulin Resistance / physiology
- Prospective Studies
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Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Palmer AT, Watts MR, Timko KJ, Pinnell EF, Keefer KA, Gorman O, Hostnik LD, Burns TA. Corticosteroid Administration Enhances the Glycemic, Insulinemic, and Incretin Responses to a High-Protein Mixed Meal in Adult Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2025 Mar-Apr;39(2):e17305.
- Pinnell EF, Hostnik LD, Watts MR, Timko KJ, Thriffiley AA, Stover MR, Koenig LE, Gorman OM, Toribio RE, Burns TA. Effect of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase agonists on insulin and glucose dynamics in experimentally induced insulin dysregulation in horses. J Vet Intern Med 2024 Jan-Feb;38(1):102-110.
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