FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / J Anim Sci / Dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermen...
Journal of animal science2021; 99(8); skab199; doi: 10.1093/jas/skab199

Dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product attenuates exercise-induced stress markers in young horses.

Abstract: Mitigation of exercise-induced stress is of key interest in determining ways to optimize performance horse health. To test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product would decrease markers of exercise-induced stress and inflammation in young horses, Quarter Horse yearlings (mean ± SD; 9 ± 1 mo) were randomly assigned to receive either no supplementation (CON; n = 8) or 21 g/d S. cerevisiae fermentation product (10.5 g/feeding twice daily; SCFP; n = 10) top-dressed on a basal diet of custom-formulated grain as well as ad libitum Coastal bermudagrass hay. After 8 wk of dietary treatments, horses underwent a 2-h submaximal exercise test (SET) on a free-stall mechanical exerciser. Serum was collected before dietary treatment supplementation (week 0), at week 8 pre-SET, and 0, 1, and 6 h post-SET and analyzed for concentrations of cortisol and serum amyloid A (SAA) by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and for cytokine concentrations by commercial bead-based ELISA. Data were analyzed using linear models with repeated measures in SAS v9.4. From week 0 to 8 (pre-SET), serum cortisol decreased (P = 0.01) and SAA did not change, but neither were affected by diet. Serum concentrations of all cytokines decreased from week 0 to 8 (P ≤ 0.008), but granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) decreased to a greater extent in CON than in SCFP horses (P ≤0.003). In response to the week 8 SET, serum cortisol increased in all horses (P < 0.0001) but returned to pre-SET levels by 1 h post-SET in horses receiving SCFP. At 6 h post-SET, cortisol concentrations in CON horses returned to pre-SET concentrations, whereas cortisol declined further in SCFP horses to below pre-SET levels (P = 0.0002) and lower than CON (P = 0.003) at that time point. SAA increased at 6 h post-SET in CON (P < 0.0001) but was unchanged through 6 h in SCFP horses. All cytokines except G-CSF increased in response to the SET (P < 0.0001) but showed differing response patterns. Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were lesser (P ≤ 0.05), and concentrations of G-CSF and IL-18 tended to be lesser (P ≤ 0.09) in SCFP compared with CON horses throughout recovery from the SET. In summary, 8 wk of dietary supplementation with 21 g/d of SCFP may mitigate cellular stress following a single, prolonged submaximal exercise bout in young horses.
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2021-06-29 PubMed ID: 34181712PubMed Central: PMC8521742DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab199Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Veterinary

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study is focused on how dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product can effectively minimize exercise-induced stress in young horses, specifically Quarter Horse yearlings.

Introduction

  • The study was sparked by an interest in finding ways to reduce exercise-induced stress in performance horses, so as to enhance their overall health.
  • The researchers hypothesized that the supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in the horses’ diet would result in lower levels of stress and inflammation markers in the young horses.

Methodology

  • The research was conducted on Quarter Horse yearlings with an average age of 9 months.
  • These young horses were randomly assigned to one of two groups: those that received no dietary supplementation (control group) and those that were fed 21g/day of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product, which was added on top of a basal diet. This was provided in two daily doses.
  • After 8 weeks of being on the diet, the horses participated in a 2-hour submaximal exercise test on a free-stall mechanical exerciser.
  • Serum samples were collected pre-supplementation, at week 8 before the exercise test, and 0, 1, and 6 hours after the exercise test. This was done to analyze the levels of cortisol, serum amyloid A, and cytokines.

Results

  • The results indicated that between 0 to 8 weeks (pre-exercise test), cortisol levels decreased whereas serum amyloid A levels remained unchanged. The diet did not significantly affect these markers.
  • However, in response to the exercise test at week 8, cortisol levels increased in all horses, regardless of the diet. Horses on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation demonstrated a quicker return to pre-exercise cortisol levels.
  • At 6 hours post-exercise test, cortisol levels in the supplementation group not only reduced further but also went below the pre-exercise test levels. Comparatively, cortisol levels in the control group returned to pre-exercise test concentrations.
  • Serum amyloid A levels increased in the control group at 6 hours post-exercise but were unchanged in the supplementation group.
  • Regarding cytokines, concentrations of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were lower in the supplementation group than in the control group, both during and after the exercise test.
  • Overall, adding 21g/day of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product to the diet of young horses for 8 weeks helped to minimize cellular stress following prolonged, submaximal exercise.

Cite This Article

APA
Valigura HC, Leatherwood JL, Martinez RE, Norton SA, White-Springer SH. (2021). Dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product attenuates exercise-induced stress markers in young horses. J Anim Sci, 99(8), skab199. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab199

Publication

Journal of animal science
ISSN: 1525-3163
NlmUniqueID: 8003002
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 99
Issue: 8
PII: skab199

Researcher Affiliations

Valigura, Hannah C
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Leatherwood, Jessica L
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Martinez, Rafael E
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Norton, Sharon A
  • Diamond V Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA.
White-Springer, Sarah H
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animal Feed / analysis
  • Animals
  • Biomarkers
  • Diet / veterinary
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Fermentation
  • Horses
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Grant Funding

  • Diamond V

References

This article includes 67 references
  1. Ambrojo K, Corzano M, Poggi J. Action mechanisms and pathophysiological characteristics of cortisol in horsesin corticosteroids. 2018.
  2. Beil M, Lawrence L, Novakofski J, Kline K, McLaren D, Moser L, Powell D. The effect of yeast culture supplementation on exercising horses. J. Anim. Sci. 1990 68(suppl. 1):386.
  3. Bhattacharya P, Thiruppathi M, Elshabrawy HA, Alharshawi K, Kumar P, Prabhakar BS. GM-CSF: An immune modulatory cytokine that can suppress autoimmunity.. Cytokine 2015 Oct;75(2):261-71.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.030pmc: PMC4553090pubmed: 26113402google scholar: lookup
  4. Bickel M. The role of interleukin-8 in inflammation and mechanisms of regulation.. J Periodontol 1993 May;64(5 Suppl):456-60.
    pubmed: 8315568
  5. Brennan K, Zheng J. Intereukin 8. 2007 p. 1–4.
  6. Brewer MT, Anderson KL, Yoon I, Scott MF, Carlson SA. Amelioration of salmonellosis in pre-weaned dairy calves fed Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products in feed and milk replacer.. Vet Microbiol 2014 Aug 6;172(1-2):248-55.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.05.026pubmed: 24954478google scholar: lookup
  7. Cappelli K, Felicetti M, Capomaccio S, Pieramati C, Silvestrelli M, Verini-Supplizi A. Exercise-induced up-regulation of MMP-1 and IL-8 genes in endurance horses.. BMC Physiol 2009 Jun 24;9:12.
    doi: 10.1186/1472-6793-9-12pmc: PMC2705340pubmed: 19552796google scholar: lookup
  8. Chan MH, Carey AL, Watt MJ, Febbraio MA. Cytokine gene expression in human skeletal muscle during concentric contraction: evidence that IL-8, like IL-6, is influenced by glycogen availability.. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004 Aug;287(2):R322-7.
    doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00030.2004pubmed: 15072962google scholar: lookup
  9. Chovatiya R, Medzhitov R. Stress, inflammation, and defense of homeostasis.. Mol Cell 2014 Apr 24;54(2):281-8.
    doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.03.030pmc: PMC4048989pubmed: 24766892google scholar: lookup
  10. Crisman MV, Scarratt WK, Zimmerman KL. Blood proteins and inflammation in the horse.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2008 Aug;24(2):285-97, vi.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2008.03.004pubmed: 18652956google scholar: lookup
  11. Cywinska A, Witkowski L, Szarska E, Schollenberger A, Winnicka A. Serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration after training sessions in Arabian race and endurance horses.. BMC Vet Res 2013 May 1;9:91.
    doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-91pmc: PMC3655847pubmed: 23634727google scholar: lookup
  12. de Graaf-Roelfsema E, van Ginneken ME, van Breda E, Wijnberg ID, Keizer HA, van der Kolk JH. The effect of long-term exercise on glucose metabolism and peripheral insulin sensitivity in standardbred horses.. Equine Vet J Suppl 2006 Aug;(36):221-5.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05543.xpubmed: 17402422google scholar: lookup
  13. DeMarco VG, Aroor AR, Sowers JR. The pathophysiology of hypertension in patients with obesity.. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014 Jun;10(6):364-76.
    doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2014.44pmc: PMC4308954pubmed: 24732974google scholar: lookup
  14. Dinarello CA, Novick D, Kim S, Kaplanski G. Interleukin-18 and IL-18 binding protein.. Front Immunol 2013 Oct 8;4:289.
    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00289pmc: PMC3792554pubmed: 24115947google scholar: lookup
  15. Donovan DC, Jackson CA, Colahan PT, Norton N, Hurley DJ. Exercise-induced alterations in pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin F2alpha in horses.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007 Aug 15;118(3-4):263-9.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.05.015pubmed: 17617470google scholar: lookup
  16. Dufaux B, Order U. Plasma elastase-alpha 1-antitrypsin, neopterin, tumor necrosis factor, and soluble interleukin-2 receptor after prolonged exercise.. Int J Sports Med 1989 Dec;10(6):434-8.
    doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1024939pubmed: 2628363google scholar: lookup
  17. Giblot Ducray HA, Globa L, Pustovyy O, Reeves S, Robinson L, Vodyanoy V, Sorokulova I. Mitigation of heat stress-related complications by a yeast fermentate product.. J Therm Biol 2016 Aug;60:26-32.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.06.002pubmed: 27503713google scholar: lookup
  18. Edwards KM, Burns VE, Ring C, Carroll D. Individual differences in the interleukin-6 response to maximal and submaximal exercise tasks.. J Sports Sci 2006 Aug;24(8):855-62.
    doi: 10.1080/02640410500245645pubmed: 16815780google scholar: lookup
  19. Espersen GT, Elbaek A, Ernst E, Toft E, Kaalund S, Jersild C, Grunnet N. Effect of physical exercise on cytokines and lymphocyte subpopulations in human peripheral blood.. APMIS 1990 May;98(5):395-400.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1990.tb01049.xpubmed: 2141475google scholar: lookup
  20. Evans WJ, Meredith CN, Cannon JG, Dinarello CA, Frontera WR, Hughes VA, Jones BH, Knuttgen HG. Metabolic changes following eccentric exercise in trained and untrained men.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1986 Nov;61(5):1864-8.
    doi: 10.1152/jappl.1986.61.5.1864pubmed: 3491061google scholar: lookup
  21. Evans M, Reeves S, Robinson LE. A dried yeast fermentate prevents and reduces inflammation in two separate experimental immune models.. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012;2012:973041.
    doi: 10.1155/2012/973041pmc: PMC3328167pubmed: 22548124google scholar: lookup
  22. Febbraio MA. Exercise and inflammation.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2007 Jul;103(1):376-7.
    doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00414.2007pubmed: 17446409google scholar: lookup
  23. Gao J, Zhang HJ, Yu SH, Wu SG, Yoon I, Quigley J, Gao YP, Qi GH. Effects of yeast culture in broiler diets on performance and immunomodulatory functions.. Poult Sci 2008 Jul;87(7):1377-84.
    doi: 10.3382/ps.2007-00418pubmed: 18577619google scholar: lookup
  24. Glade M, Campbell-Taylor M. Effects of dietary yeast culture supplementation during the conditioning period on equine exercise physiology. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 1990 10(6):434–443.
    doi: 10.1016/S0737-0806(06)80140-1google scholar: lookup
  25. Griffing G. Serum cortisol. 2014.
  26. Hansen S, Otten ND, Fjeldborg J, Baptiste KE, Horohov DW. Age-related dynamics of pro-inflammatory cytokines in equine bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and peripheral blood from horses managed on pasture.. Exp Gerontol 2019 Sep;124:110634.
    doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110634pubmed: 31201919google scholar: lookup
  27. Henneke DR, Potter GD, Kreider JL, Yeates BF. Relationship between condition score, physical measurements and body fat percentage in mares.. Equine Vet J 1983 Oct;15(4):371-2.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01826.xpubmed: 6641685google scholar: lookup
  28. Horohov D, Sinatra S, Chopra R, Jankowitz S, Betancourt A, Bloomer R. The effect of exercise and nutritional supplementation on proinflammatory cytokine expression in young racehorses during training. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2012 32(12):805–815.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2012.03.017google scholar: lookup
  29. Hyyppa S. Endocrinal responses in exercising horses. Livest. Prod. Sci. 2005 92(2):113–121.
    doi: 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.11.014google scholar: lookup
  30. Idriss HT, Naismith JH. TNF alpha and the TNF receptor superfamily: structure-function relationship(s).. Microsc Res Tech 2000 Aug 1;50(3):184-95.
    doi: 10.1002/1097-0029(20000801)50:3<184::AID-JEMT2>3.0.CO;2-Hpubmed: 10891884google scholar: lookup
  31. Jacobsen S, Jensen JC, Frei S, Jensen AL, Thoefner MB. Use of serum amyloid A and other acute phase reactants to monitor the inflammatory response after castration in horses: a field study.. Equine Vet J 2005 Nov;37(6):552-6.
    doi: 10.2746/042516405775314853pubmed: 16295934google scholar: lookup
  32. Jensen GS, Patterson KM, Yoon I. Yeast culture has anti-inflammatory effects and specifically activates NK cells.. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2008 Nov;31(6):487-500.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2007.08.005pubmed: 17915321google scholar: lookup
  33. Kim HS, Hong JT, Kim Y, Han SB. Stimulatory Effect of β-glucans on Immune Cells.. Immune Netw 2011 Aug;11(4):191-5.
    doi: 10.4110/in.2011.11.4.191pmc: PMC3202617pubmed: 22039366google scholar: lookup
  34. Lamprecht E, Bagnell C, Williams C. Inflammatory responses to three modes of intense exercise in standardbred mares – a pilot study. Comp. Exerc. Physiol. 2008 5(3–4):115–125.
    doi: 10.1017/S1478061509294448google scholar: lookup
  35. Landskron G, De la Fuente M, Thuwajit P, Thuwajit C, Hermoso MA. Chronic inflammation and cytokines in the tumor microenvironment.. J Immunol Res 2014;2014:149185.
    doi: 10.1155/2014/149185pmc: PMC4036716pubmed: 24901008google scholar: lookup
  36. Liburt NR, Adams AA, Betancourt A, Horohov DW, McKeever KH. Exercise-induced increases in inflammatory cytokines in muscle and blood of horses.. Equine Vet J Suppl 2010 Nov;(38):280-8.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00275.xpubmed: 21059019google scholar: lookup
  37. Lopez A, Yunlong H, Zheng J. Fractalkine. 2007 p. 1–3.
  38. Mak T, Saunders M. Cytokines and cytokine receptors. 2006 p. 463–516.
  39. McKeever K, Arent S, Davitt P. Endocrine and immune responses to exercise and training. 2014 p. 88–107.
  40. Middelbos IS, Godoy MR, Fastinger ND, Fahey GC Jr. A dose-response evaluation of spray-dried yeast cell wall supplementation of diets fed to adult dogs: effects on nutrient digestibility, immune indices, and fecal microbial populations.. J Anim Sci 2007 Nov;85(11):3022-32.
    doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0079pubmed: 17644789google scholar: lookup
  41. Miller-Graber P A, Thompson J, Martinez T. Effect of yeast culture on the physiological response to submaximal exercise in horses. J. Anim. Sci. 1994 72(suppl. 1):252.
  42. Morgan L, Coverdale J, Froetschel M, Yoon I. Effect of yeast culture supplementation on digestibility of varying forage quality in mature horses. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2007 27(6):260–265.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2007.04.009google scholar: lookup
  43. Moyad MA, Robinson LE, Zawada ET, Kittelsrud J, Chen DG, Reeves SG, Weaver S. Immunogenic yeast-based fermentate for cold/flu-like symptoms in nonvaccinated individuals.. J Altern Complement Med 2010 Feb;16(2):213-8.
    doi: 10.1089/acm.2009.0310pmc: PMC6498863pubmed: 20180695google scholar: lookup
  44. . Nutrient requirements of horses. 2007 6th ed..
  45. Neumayr G, Ludwiczek O, Hoertnagl H, Pfister R, Mitterbauer G, Moschen A, Novick D, Rubinstein M, Tilg H. The impact of prolonged strenuous endurance exercise on interleukin 18 and interleukin 18 binding protein in recreational cyclists.. Int J Sports Med 2005 Dec;26(10):836-40.
    doi: 10.1055/s-2005-837466pubmed: 16320167google scholar: lookup
  46. Nieman DC, Davis JM, Brown VA, Henson DA, Dumke CL, Utter AC, Vinci DM, Downs MF, Smith JC, Carson J, Brown A, McAnulty SR, McAnulty LS. Influence of carbohydrate ingestion on immune changes after 2 h of intensive resistance training.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2004 Apr;96(4):1292-8.
    doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01064.2003pubmed: 14672962google scholar: lookup
  47. Oda K, Miyatake N, Sakano N, Saito T, Miyachi M, Tabata I, Numata T. Serum interleukin-18 levels are associated with physical activity in Japanese men.. PLoS One 2013;8(12):e81497.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081497pmc: PMC3859484pubmed: 24349077google scholar: lookup
  48. Panopoulos AD, Watowich SS. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: molecular mechanisms of action during steady state and 'emergency' hematopoiesis.. Cytokine 2008 Jun;42(3):277-88.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.03.002pmc: PMC2852428pubmed: 18400509google scholar: lookup
  49. Paulsen G, Egner IM, Drange M, Langberg H, Benestad HB, Fjeld JG, Hallén J, Raastad T. A COX-2 inhibitor reduces muscle soreness, but does not influence recovery and adaptation after eccentric exercise.. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010 Feb;20(1):e195-207.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00947.xpubmed: 19522751google scholar: lookup
  50. Pedersen BK. Special feature for the Olympics: effects of exercise on the immune system: exercise and cytokines.. Immunol Cell Biol 2000 Oct;78(5):532-5.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1711.2000.t01-11-.xpubmed: 11050536google scholar: lookup
  51. Pedersen BK, Hoffman-Goetz L. Exercise and the immune system: regulation, integration, and adaptation.. Physiol Rev 2000 Jul;80(3):1055-81.
    doi: 10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1055pubmed: 10893431google scholar: lookup
  52. Price PT, Byrd JA, Alvarado CZ, Pavlidis HO, McIntyre DR, Archer GS. Utilizing original XPC™ in feed to reduce stress susceptibility of broilers.. Poult Sci 2018 Mar 1;97(3):855-859.
    doi: 10.3382/ps/pex386pubmed: 29272466google scholar: lookup
  53. Ren K, Torres R. Role of interleukin-1beta during pain and inflammation.. Brain Res Rev 2009 Apr;60(1):57-64.
    doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.12.020pmc: PMC3076185pubmed: 19166877google scholar: lookup
  54. Salim M N, Durmus I, Basegmez M, Küçükkurt I, Eryavuz A. Effects of age on the concentrations of plasma cytokines and lipid peroxidation in sheep. Kocatepe Vet. J. 2021 14(1):37–44.
    doi: 10.30607/kvj.798623google scholar: lookup
  55. Satoh M, Fujinaga T, Okumura M, Hagio M. Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitative measurement of serum amyloid A protein in horses.. Am J Vet Res 1995 Oct;56(10):1286-91.
    pubmed: 8928944
  56. Shi Y, Liu CH, Roberts AI, Das J, Xu G, Ren G, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yuan ZR, Tan HS, Das G, Devadas S. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and T-cell responses: what we do and don't know.. Cell Res 2006 Feb;16(2):126-33.
    doi: 10.1038/sj.cr.7310017pubmed: 16474424google scholar: lookup
  57. Shi Y, Liu CH, Roberts AI, Das J, Xu G, Ren G, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yuan ZR, Tan HS, Das G, Devadas S. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and T-cell responses: what we do and don't know.. Cell Res 2006 Feb;16(2):126-33.
    doi: 10.1038/sj.cr.7310017pubmed: 16474424google scholar: lookup
  58. Sprenger H, Jacobs C, Nain M, Gressner AM, Prinz H, Wesemann W, Gemsa D. Enhanced release of cytokines, interleukin-2 receptors, and neopterin after long-distance running.. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1992 May;63(2):188-95.
    doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(92)90012-dpubmed: 1611721google scholar: lookup
  59. Starkie RL, Angus DJ, Rolland J, Hargreaves M, Febbraio MA. Effect of prolonged, submaximal exercise and carbohydrate ingestion on monocyte intracellular cytokine production in humans.. J Physiol 2000 Nov 1;528(Pt 3):647-55.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00647.xpmc: PMC2270161pubmed: 11060137google scholar: lookup
  60. Swanson KS, Grieshop CM, Flickinger EA, Merchen NR, Fahey GC Jr. Effects of supplemental fructooligosaccharides and mannanoligosaccharides on colonic microbial populations, immune function and fecal odor components in the canine.. J Nutr 2002 Jun;132(6 Suppl 2):1717S-9S.
    doi: 10.1080/0003942021000019126pubmed: 12042505google scholar: lookup
  61. Taghian F, Esteki Ghashghaei F, Badami R, Esteki Ghashghaei S. Comparison the Effect of One Session Submaximal Exercise on Plasma Levels of IL6 and TNF- a in Obese and Non-Obese Women.. ARYA Atheroscler 2011 Winter;6(4):153-6.
    pmc: PMC3347828pubmed: 22577435
  62. Trøseid M, Lappegård KT, Mollnes TE, Arnesen H, Seljeflot I. The effect of exercise on serum levels of interleukin-18 and components of the metabolic syndrome.. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2009 Dec;7(6):579-84.
    doi: 10.1089/met.2009.0003pubmed: 19900154google scholar: lookup
  63. Wickler S J. Effect of diamond V XP yeast culture on sub-maximal exercise performance of Arabian horses. 2002.
  64. Witkowska-Piłaszewicz OD, Żmigrodzka M, Winnicka A, Miśkiewicz A, Strzelec K, Cywińska A. Serum amyloid A in equine health and disease.. Equine Vet J 2019 May;51(3):293-298.
    pmc: PMC7163734pubmed: 30565319doi: 10.1111/evj.13062google scholar: lookup
  65. Wright CR, Ward AC, Russell AP. Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and Its Potential Application for Skeletal Muscle Repair and Regeneration.. Mediators Inflamm 2017;2017:7517350.
    doi: 10.1155/2017/7517350pmc: PMC5738577pubmed: 29362521google scholar: lookup
  66. Zelová H, Hošek J. TNF-α signalling and inflammation: interactions between old acquaintances.. Inflamm Res 2013 Jul;62(7):641-51.
    doi: 10.1007/s00011-013-0633-0pubmed: 23685857google scholar: lookup
  67. Zhu W, Wei Z, Xu N, Yang F, Yoon I, Chung Y, Liu J, Wang J. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products on performance and rumen fermentation and microbiota in dairy cows fed a diet containing low quality forage.. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017;8:36.
    doi: 10.1186/s40104-017-0167-3pmc: PMC5408399pubmed: 28465826google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
  1. Ganda E, Chakrabarti A, Sardi MI, Tench M, Kozlowicz BK, Norton SA, Warren LK, Khafipour E. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product improves robustness of equine gut microbiome upon stress.. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1134092.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1134092pubmed: 36908513google scholar: lookup
  2. Johnson SE, Barshick MR, Gonzalez ML, Riley JW, Pelletier ME, Castanho BC, Ealy EN. A Carnitine-Containing Product Improves Aspects of Post-Exercise Recovery in Adult Horses.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Feb 14;13(4).
    doi: 10.3390/ani13040657pubmed: 36830444google scholar: lookup
  3. Rients EL, Deters EL, McGill JL, Belknap CR, Hansen SL. Effects of feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product and ractopamine hydrochloride to finishing beef steers on growth performance, immune system, and muscle gene expression.. J Anim Sci 2023 Jan 3;101.
    doi: 10.1093/jas/skac311pubmed: 36592754google scholar: lookup
  4. Perricone V, Sandrini S, Irshad N, Comi M, Lecchi C, Savoini G, Agazzi A. The Role of Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Supporting Gut Health in Horses: An Updated Review on Its Effects on Digestibility and Intestinal and Fecal Microbiota.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Dec 9;12(24).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12243475pubmed: 36552396google scholar: lookup
  5. Lucassen A, Hankel J, Finkler-Schade C, Osbelt L, Strowig T, Visscher C, Schuberth HJ. Feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Product (Olimond BB) Does Not Alter the Fecal Microbiota of Thoroughbred Racehorses.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Jun 8;12(12).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12121496pubmed: 35739833google scholar: lookup
  6. Martinez RE, Leatherwood JL, Arnold CE, Glass KG, Walter KW, Valigura HC, Norton SA, White-Springer SH. Responses to an intra-articular lipopolysaccharide challenge following dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in young horses.. J Anim Sci 2021 Oct 1;99(10).
    doi: 10.1093/jas/skab272pubmed: 34619765google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.