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Journal of animal science2021; 99(8); skab199; doi: 10.1093/jas/skab199

Dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product attenuates exercise-induced stress markers in young horses.

Abstract: Mitigation of exercise-induced stress is of key interest in determining ways to optimize performance horse health. To test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product would decrease markers of exercise-induced stress and inflammation in young horses, Quarter Horse yearlings (mean ± SD; 9 ± 1 mo) were randomly assigned to receive either no supplementation (CON; n = 8) or 21 g/d S. cerevisiae fermentation product (10.5 g/feeding twice daily; SCFP; n = 10) top-dressed on a basal diet of custom-formulated grain as well as ad libitum Coastal bermudagrass hay. After 8 wk of dietary treatments, horses underwent a 2-h submaximal exercise test (SET) on a free-stall mechanical exerciser. Serum was collected before dietary treatment supplementation (week 0), at week 8 pre-SET, and 0, 1, and 6 h post-SET and analyzed for concentrations of cortisol and serum amyloid A (SAA) by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and for cytokine concentrations by commercial bead-based ELISA. Data were analyzed using linear models with repeated measures in SAS v9.4. From week 0 to 8 (pre-SET), serum cortisol decreased (P = 0.01) and SAA did not change, but neither were affected by diet. Serum concentrations of all cytokines decreased from week 0 to 8 (P ≤ 0.008), but granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) decreased to a greater extent in CON than in SCFP horses (P ≤0.003). In response to the week 8 SET, serum cortisol increased in all horses (P < 0.0001) but returned to pre-SET levels by 1 h post-SET in horses receiving SCFP. At 6 h post-SET, cortisol concentrations in CON horses returned to pre-SET concentrations, whereas cortisol declined further in SCFP horses to below pre-SET levels (P = 0.0002) and lower than CON (P = 0.003) at that time point. SAA increased at 6 h post-SET in CON (P < 0.0001) but was unchanged through 6 h in SCFP horses. All cytokines except G-CSF increased in response to the SET (P < 0.0001) but showed differing response patterns. Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were lesser (P ≤ 0.05), and concentrations of G-CSF and IL-18 tended to be lesser (P ≤ 0.09) in SCFP compared with CON horses throughout recovery from the SET. In summary, 8 wk of dietary supplementation with 21 g/d of SCFP may mitigate cellular stress following a single, prolonged submaximal exercise bout in young horses.
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science.
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Publication Date: 2021-06-29 PubMed ID: 34181712PubMed Central: PMC8521742DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab199Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Veterinary

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study is focused on how dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product can effectively minimize exercise-induced stress in young horses, specifically Quarter Horse yearlings.

Introduction

  • The study was sparked by an interest in finding ways to reduce exercise-induced stress in performance horses, so as to enhance their overall health.
  • The researchers hypothesized that the supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in the horses’ diet would result in lower levels of stress and inflammation markers in the young horses.

Methodology

  • The research was conducted on Quarter Horse yearlings with an average age of 9 months.
  • These young horses were randomly assigned to one of two groups: those that received no dietary supplementation (control group) and those that were fed 21g/day of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product, which was added on top of a basal diet. This was provided in two daily doses.
  • After 8 weeks of being on the diet, the horses participated in a 2-hour submaximal exercise test on a free-stall mechanical exerciser.
  • Serum samples were collected pre-supplementation, at week 8 before the exercise test, and 0, 1, and 6 hours after the exercise test. This was done to analyze the levels of cortisol, serum amyloid A, and cytokines.

Results

  • The results indicated that between 0 to 8 weeks (pre-exercise test), cortisol levels decreased whereas serum amyloid A levels remained unchanged. The diet did not significantly affect these markers.
  • However, in response to the exercise test at week 8, cortisol levels increased in all horses, regardless of the diet. Horses on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation demonstrated a quicker return to pre-exercise cortisol levels.
  • At 6 hours post-exercise test, cortisol levels in the supplementation group not only reduced further but also went below the pre-exercise test levels. Comparatively, cortisol levels in the control group returned to pre-exercise test concentrations.
  • Serum amyloid A levels increased in the control group at 6 hours post-exercise but were unchanged in the supplementation group.
  • Regarding cytokines, concentrations of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were lower in the supplementation group than in the control group, both during and after the exercise test.
  • Overall, adding 21g/day of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product to the diet of young horses for 8 weeks helped to minimize cellular stress following prolonged, submaximal exercise.

Cite This Article

APA
Valigura HC, Leatherwood JL, Martinez RE, Norton SA, White-Springer SH. (2021). Dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product attenuates exercise-induced stress markers in young horses. J Anim Sci, 99(8), skab199. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab199

Publication

Journal of animal science
ISSN: 1525-3163
NlmUniqueID: 8003002
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 99
Issue: 8
PII: skab199

Researcher Affiliations

Valigura, Hannah C
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Leatherwood, Jessica L
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Martinez, Rafael E
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Norton, Sharon A
  • Diamond V Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA.
White-Springer, Sarah H
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animal Feed / analysis
  • Animals
  • Biomarkers
  • Diet / veterinary
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Fermentation
  • Horses
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Grant Funding

  • Diamond V

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Citations

This article has been cited 10 times.
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