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Journal of animal science2018; 96(2); 579-590; doi: 10.1093/jas/skx076

Evaluation of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on markers of joint inflammation and cartilage metabolism in young horses challenged with lipopolysaccharide.

Abstract: Seventeen yearling Quarter Horses were used in a randomized complete block design for a 56-d trial to determine ability of dietary CLA to mitigate joint inflammation and alter cartilage turnover following an inflammatory insult. Horses were blocked by age, sex, and BW, and randomly assigned to dietary treatments consisting of commercial concentrate offered at 1% BW (as-fed) supplemented with either 1% soybean oil (CON; n = 6), 0.5% soybean oil and 0.5% CLA (LOW; n = 5; 55% purity; Lutalin, BASF Corp., Florham Park, NJ), or 1% CLA (HIGH; n = 6) top-dressed daily. Horses were fed individually every 12 h and offered 1% BW (as-fed) coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) hay daily. This study was performed in 2 phases: phase I (d 0 to d 41) determined incorporation of CLA into plasma and synovial fluid; phase II (d 42 to d 56) evaluated potential of CLA to mitigate intra-articular inflammation and alter cartilage metabolism. Blood and synovial fluid were collected at 7- and 14-d intervals, respectively, to determine fatty acid concentrations. On d 42, carpal joints within each horse were randomly assigned to receive intra-articular injections of 0.5 ng lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Escherichia coli 055:B5 or sterile lactated Ringer's solution. Synovial fluid samples were obtained at preinjection h 0 and 6, 12, 24, 168, and 336 h postinjection, and analyzed for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), carboxypeptide of type II collagen (CPII), and collagenase cleavage neopeptide (C2C). Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. Horses receiving the CON diet had undetectable levels of CLA for the duration of the study. A quadratic dose response was observed in concentrations of CLA in plasma and synovial fluid (P < 0.01). A negative quadratic dose response was observed for plasma arachidonic acid (20:4) with a reduction in concentration to d 14 in HIGH horses (P = 0.04). Synovial fluid 20:4 tended to decrease in horses receiving the HIGH diet (P = 0.06). Post LPS injection, synovial PGE2 was not affected by dietary treatment (P = 0.15). Synovial C2C was lower in HIGH horses (P = 0.05), and synovial CPII tended to be greater in LOW horses than HIGH and CON horses (P = 0.10). In conclusion, dietary CLA incorporated into plasma and synovial fluid prior to LPS challenge. Dietary CLA did not influence inflammation; however, there was a reduction in cartilage degradation and an increase in cartilage regeneration.
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Publication Date: 2018-02-01 PubMed ID: 29385470PubMed Central: PMC6140902DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx076Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the impact of dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the plasma levels of CLA and arachidonic acid in horses, as well as on their body fat. The study finds that CLA supplementation increases plasma CLA levels, decreases plasma arachidonic acid levels, but does not alter body fat in horses.

Research Outline and Procedure

The study followed a crossover design with 12 mature mares that were grouped based on breed, age, and body condition score (BCS). The horses were separated into two groups – one group was given a diet supplemented with CLA and the other was given corn oil as an isocaloric control. This was carried out in two six-week feeding periods, divided by a month-long break period.

  • The CLA or corn oil supplements were added to the horses’ diets at 0.01% of their body weight per day.
  • All horses were kept in dry lots and monitored closely to control their consumption.
  • Body weight, rump fat thickness (RFT), and BCS were measured at the start and end of each feeding period.
  • Blood samples were taken on days 0, 14, 28, and 42 of each six-week feeding period, to monitor changes in plasma CLA and arachidonic acid levels.

Findings and Results

  • The study recorded no significant changes in the horses’ body weight, RFT, or BCS across the two groups.
  • However, all CLA isomers present in the dietary supplement were found to be higher in the plasma of horses on the CLA diet, when compared to the control group.
  • Lastly, plasma concentrations of arachidonic acid, a fatty acid crucial to the cyclooxygenase (COX) II inflammatory pathway, were reduced in horses on the CLA diet.

Implications and Further Work

The observed decrease in levels of plasma arachidonic acid following CLA supplementation could potentially affect the COX II inflammatory pathway in the horses’ bodies and this warrants further research. Exploring the physiological impacts of CLA supplementation on horses under different growth stages, exercise regimes, and progressions of joint disease could give insight into potential benefits of CLA in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Bradbery AN, Coverdale JA, Vernon KL, Leatherwood JL, Arnold CE, Dabareiner RA, Kahn MK, Millican AA, Welsh TH. (2018). Evaluation of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on markers of joint inflammation and cartilage metabolism in young horses challenged with lipopolysaccharide. J Anim Sci, 96(2), 579-590. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skx076

Publication

Journal of animal science
ISSN: 1525-3163
NlmUniqueID: 8003002
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 96
Issue: 2
Pages: 579-590

Researcher Affiliations

Bradbery, Amanda N
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
Coverdale, Josie A
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
Vernon, Kristine L
  • Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC.
Leatherwood, Jessica L
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
Arnold, Carolyn E
  • Large Animal Teaching Hospital, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
Dabareiner, Robin A
  • Large Animal Teaching Hospital, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
Kahn, Meredith K
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
Millican, Allison A
  • Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC.
Welsh, Thomas H
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Biomarkers / metabolism
  • Cartilage / metabolism
  • Diet / veterinary
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
  • Horses
  • Inflammation / prevention & control
  • Inflammation / veterinary
  • Injections, Intra-Articular / veterinary
  • Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / blood
  • Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / metabolism
  • Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / pharmacology
  • Lipopolysaccharides / adverse effects
  • Male
  • Random Allocation
  • Synovial Fluid / metabolism

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
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