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Irish veterinary journal2025; 78(1); 7; doi: 10.1186/s13620-025-00294-3

Dietary supplementation of new-born foals with free nucleotides positively affects neonatal diarrhoea management.

Abstract: Foals commonly experience diarrhoea in the first weeks of life. Although this condition is rarely life-threatening, it can have significant health consequences. This study investigated whether new-born foals can benefit from a dietary supplement of nucleotides, as already demonstrated in other species. Dietary nucleotides have positive effects on rapidly proliferating tissues and are considered "semi-essential nutrients" since cells have only a limited capacity to synthesize these compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate whether providing foals with a dietary nucleotide supplementation, in the form of an oral paste, was able to affect diarrhoea incidence, systemic immunity, intestinal microbiota and volatile fatty acid production. Thirty new-born standardbred foals, from 3 different premises within the same area, were equally distributed between two groups: one group received an oral paste containing dietary nucleotides (NUCL group), while the other received a placebo paste (CTRL group). Faecal and blood samples were collected on days 1 and 35 after birth. No statistical differences in cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12) or faecal calprotectin levels were found between the two groups, suggesting that the level of nucleotide supplementation used in this study did not have significant effects on the systemic immune system and on the levels of faecal calprotectin. However, the NUCL group showed a lower relative frequency of number of days with diarrhoea (6.12% vs 13.33%; p < 0.001) and greater weight gain compared with the CTRL group (50.3 ± 5.65 kg vs 44.0 ± 8.65 kg; p < 0.05). Total volatile fatty acids, branched volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, succinic acid and iso-butyric acids in faecal samples were all higher in the NUCL group compared with the CTRL group. This outcome may explain an earlier establishment of a gut microbiota in the foals of the NUCL group that was closer to that typical of an adult horse, characterised by predominant fibrolytic populations. Volatile fatty acid production (especially butyric acid) has also been shown to correlate with the intestinal well-being of the horse, supporting the use of dietary nucleotide supplements for improved health and well-being in new-born foals. Although we noted no clear differences in the faecal microbial communities between the two groups, dietary nucleotide supplementation did appear to have a positive clinical outcome, reducing the number of days of diarrhoea and increasing the levels of volatile fatty acids.
© 2025. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2025-03-01 PubMed ID: 40025599PubMed Central: PMC11871744DOI: 10.1186/s13620-025-00294-3Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study explores the impact of dietary nucleotide supplementation in newborn foals’ diet and its effect on their rate of diarrhoea incidence, overall weight gain, and gut health. The research revealed that foals supplemented with nucleotides showed a lower rate of diarrhoea and more impressive weight gain when compared to those on a placebo.

Methodology

  • The study involved 30 newborn standardbred foals from 3 different premises within the same area. They were equally split into two groups: The NUCL group received a dietary nucleotide oral supplement, and the CTRL group received a placebo paste.
  • Blood and fecal samples were gathered on days 1 and 35 post-birth for analysis.

Results

  • There was no significant difference in cytokine levels (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12) or fecal calprotectin levels between the two groups, indicating that the nucleotide supplementation didn’t greatly affect the systemic immune system or fecal calprotectin levels.
  • The group supplemented with nucleotides demonstrated a lower relative frequency of days with diarrhoea (6.12% vs 13.33%; p < 0.001) and showed a higher weight gain compared to the control group (50.3 ± 5.65 kg versus 44.0 ± 8.65 kg; p < 0.05).
  • In terms of gut health, there were higher counts of total volatile fatty acids, branched volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, succinic acid, and iso-butyric acids in the feces of the NUCL group compared to the CTRL group. This result points to an early establishment of a gut microbiota in the nucleotide-supplemented foals that aligned closer to that seen in an adult horse.

Implications

  • The results suggest that dietary nucleotide supplementation could have a positive impact on newborn foals’ health, reducing the occurrence of diarrhoea and increasing weight gain.
  • It also shows potential benefits regarding the gut microbiota establishment, highlighting the role of dietary nucleotide supplementation in enhancing digestive health and overall well-being in newborn foals.
  • However, more significant differences in the microbial communities between the two groups were not noted, suggesting the need for further investigation.

Cite This Article

APA
Penazzi L, Pagliara E, Nervo T, Ala U, Bertuglia A, Romano G, Hattab J, Tiscar PG, Bergagna S, Pagliasso G, Antoniazzi S, Cavallarin L, Valle E, Prola L. (2025). Dietary supplementation of new-born foals with free nucleotides positively affects neonatal diarrhoea management. Ir Vet J, 78(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13620-025-00294-3

Publication

Irish veterinary journal
ISSN: 2046-0481
NlmUniqueID: 0100762
Country: Ireland
Language: English
Volume: 78
Issue: 1
Pages: 7
PII: 7

Researcher Affiliations

Penazzi, Livio
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy. livio.penazzi@unito.it.
Pagliara, Eleonora
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy.
Nervo, Tiziana
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy.
Ala, Ugo
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy.
Bertuglia, Andrea
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy.
Romano, Giovanna
  • Centro Equino Arcadia, Frazione Mottura 106, Villafranca Piemonte, 10068, Italy.
Hattab, Jasmine
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, SP18 Piano d'Accio, Teramo, 64100, Italy.
Tiscar, Pietro Giorgio
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, SP18 Piano d'Accio, Teramo, 64100, Italy.
Bergagna, Stefania
  • Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, Turin, 10154, Italy.
Pagliasso, Giulia
  • Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, Turin, 10154, Italy.
Antoniazzi, Sara
  • Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy.
Cavallarin, Laura
  • Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy.
Valle, Emanuela
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy.
Prola, Liviana
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy.

Conflict of Interest Statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Turin (Ethical approval prot. n. 567, University of Turin). The owner of each breeding centre provided their written informed consent to participation to the study. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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