Frontiers in veterinary science2022; 9; 896220; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.896220

Differential effect of two dietary protein sources on time course response of muscle anabolic signaling pathways in normal and insulin dysregulated horses.

Abstract: The objective of the study was to characterize the temporal changes of phosphorylation patterns of mTOR signaling proteins in response to two dietary protein sources in insulin dysregulated (ID, = 8) and non-ID ( = 8) horses. Horses were individually housed and fed timothy grass hay and 2 daily concentrate meals so that protein was the first limiting nutrient and the total diet provided 120% of daily DE requirements for maintenance. On sample days, horses randomly received 0.25 g CP/kg BW of a pelleted alfalfa (AP) or commercial protein supplement (PS). Blood samples were collected before and 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 300, 360, 420, and 480 min post feeding and analyzed for plasma glucose, insulin and amino acid (AA) concentrations. G muscle samples were obtained before and 90, 180, and 300 min after feeding and analyzed for relative abundance of phosphorylated mTOR pathway components using western immunoblot analysis. There was no effect of protein source on postprandial glucose and insulin responses ( ≥ 0.14) but consumption of PS elicited a 2 times larger AUC for essential AA (EAA), greater peak concentrations of EAA and a shorter time to reach peak EAA concentrations compared to AP. Abundance of phosphorylated mTOR ( = 0.08) and rpS6 ( = 0.10) tended to be ~1.5-fold greater after consumption of PS at 90 min compared to AP. Dephosphorylation patterns differed between protein sources and was slower for AP compared to PS. ID horses had a 2 times greater ( = 0.009) AUC and 3 times higher postprandial peak concentrations ( < 0.0001) for insulin compared to non-ID horses after consumption of both treatment pellets, but EAA responses were similar between groups ( = 0.53). Insulin status did not affect rpS6 or mTOR phosphorylation after consumption of either protein source ( ≥ 0.35), but phosphorylated rpS6 abundance was twice as high in ID compared to non-ID horses ( = 0.007). These results suggest that the consumption of higher quality protein sources may result in greater postprandial activation of the mTOR pathway compared to equal amounts of a forage-based protein source. Moreover, ID does not impair postprandial activation of mTOR and rpS6 proteins in horses following a protein-rich meal.
Publication Date: 2022-08-01 PubMed ID: 35978710PubMed Central: PMC9376591DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.896220Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research examines the effect of two dietary protein sources on muscle growth signaling pathways in horses with normal insulin regulation and those with insulin dysregulation. The findings indicate that a higher quality protein source can spur more post-meal activation of the muscle growth pathway compared to an equivalent amount of a forage-based protein source.

Research Methodology

  • The study aimed to understand the changes in phosphorylation patterns (a process that can activate or deactivate a molecule’s function) of muscle growth (mTOR) signaling proteins after the ingestion of two different protein sources. These changes were studied in horses that either had normal insulin regulation or insulin dysregulation.
  • The horses were housed individually and received meals comprising timothy grass hay and 2 daily concentrate meals such that protein was the first limiting nutrient. The total diet given met 120% of daily energy requirements needed for maintenance.
  • On sample days, horses were given either a protein pellet derived from alfalfa or a commercial protein supplement. Multiple measurements were taken before and after feeding over a 480-minute period to analyze plasma glucose, insulin and amino acid concentrations. Some muscle samples were also taken to analyze the relative abundance of activated mTOR pathway components.

Findings

  • The protein source had no effect on the horses’ post-meal glucose and insulin responses. However, the commercial protein supplement led to twice the concentration of essential amino acids in the bloodstream, reached their peak faster, and had a bigger spike compared to the alfalfa pellet.
  • The activation of mTOR and ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), both involved in muscle growth and regeneration, tended to be approximately 1.5 times higher 90 minutes after consuming the commercial protein supplement compared to the alfalfa pellet.
  • The study also found that the rate of phosphorylation varied between the two protein sources, with the commercial protein supplement dephosphorylating more rapidly.
  • Horses with insulin dysregulation had twice the essential amino acid response and thrice the peak concentration of insulin compared to horses with normal insulin regulation, regardless of the protein source eaten. However, essential amino acid outcomes were consistent between the two groups.
  • The research also indicated that insulin regulation did not affect the activation of rpS6 or mTOR following the consumption of either protein source. Notably, the abundance of the phosphorylated protein rpS6 was twice as high in insulin dysregulated horses than in those with normal insulin function.

Implications

  • The results suggest that consuming higher quality protein sources may trigger greater post-meal activation of the mTOR pathway (which plays a vital role in muscle protein synthesis) compared to equal amounts of forage-based protein.
  • Importantly, the research suggests that insulin dysregulation does not hinder the activation of mTOR and rpS6 proteins in horses following a protein-rich meal. This finding could potentially help inform dietary guidance for insulin dysregulated or diabetic horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Loos CMM, McLeod KR, Vanzant ES, Stratton SA, Bohannan AD, Coleman RJ, van Doorn DA, Urschel KL. (2022). Differential effect of two dietary protein sources on time course response of muscle anabolic signaling pathways in normal and insulin dysregulated horses. Front Vet Sci, 9, 896220. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.896220

Publication

ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Pages: 896220
PII: 896220

Researcher Affiliations

Loos, Caroline M M
  • Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
McLeod, Kyle R
  • Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
Vanzant, Eric S
  • Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
Stratton, Sophie A
  • Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
Bohannan, Adam D
  • Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
Coleman, Robert J
  • Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
van Doorn, David A
  • Equivado Consultancy B.V., Utrecht, Netherlands.
Urschel, Kristine L
  • Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.

Conflict of Interest Statement

DD was hired as a consultant by the funder of this project (Versele-Laga, Deinze, Belgium). He also receives a portion of the profits from Cavalor VitAmino. DD is employed by Equivado Consultancy B.V. The funding company did not participate in the analysis or the decision to publish. All authors declare that they had full autonomy and independency in the research and publishing of this work. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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