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Journal of veterinary internal medicine2019; 33(2); 912-917; doi: 10.1111/jvim.15386

Disease features of equine coronavirus and enteric salmonellosis are similar in horses.

Abstract: Equine coronavirus (ECoV) is an emerging pathogen associated with fever and enteric disease in adult horses. Clinical features of ECoV infection have been described, but no study has compared these features to those of Salmonella infections. Objective: Compare the clinical features of ECoV infection with enteric salmonellosis and establish a disease signature to increase clinical suspicion of ECoV infection in adult horses. Methods: Forty-three horses >1 year of age with results of CBC, serum biochemistry, and fecal diagnostic testing for ECoV and Salmonella spp. Methods: Medical records of horses presented to the North Carolina State University Equine and Farm Animal Veterinary Center (2003-016) were retrospectively reviewed. Horses were divided into 3 groups based on fecal diagnostic test results: ECoV-positive, Salmonella-positive, or unknown diagnosis (UNK). Time of year presented, clinical signs, CBC, and serum biochemistry test results were recorded. Data were analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, or Fisher's exact test with significance set at P < .05. Results: Most common presenting complaints were fever and colic and were similar across groups. Horses with ECoV had significantly decreased neutrophil counts when compared to those with no diagnosis but were not different from horses with Salmonella. Horses with Salmonella had significantly lower mean leukocyte counts compared to those with UNK. No significant differences were found among groups for any other examined variable. Conclusions: Equine coronavirus and Salmonella infections share clinical features, suggesting both diseases should be differential diagnoses for horses with fever and enteric clinical signs.
© 2019 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2019-01-10 PubMed ID: 30632200PubMed Central: PMC6430874DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15386Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the similarities in disease features between equine coronavirus (ECoV) and salmonellosis in horses, with the aim of improving clinical identification of ECoV infection.

Objective and Methodology

The objective of the study was to compare the clinical features of ECoV infection and salmonellosis in horses, in order to recognize a disease signature that could help increase clinical suspicion of ECoV infection. Using data from forty-three adult horses, the researchers compiled and examined medical records, which included results of complete blood cell count (CBC), serum biochemistry and fecal testing for ECoV and Salmonella.

  • Horses that were part of the study belonged to the North Carolina State University Equine and Farm Animal Veterinary Center and were over a year old.
  • The data was analysed using 1-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, or Fisher’s exact test, with statistical significance set at P < .05.
  • The horses were divided into three groups based on the fecal diagnostic test results: ECoV-positive, Salmonella-positive, or unknown diagnosis (UNK).

Results

  • The most common presenting complaints were fever and colic, and these were similar across all groups.
  • The researchers found that horses with ECoV had significantly lower neutrophil counts compared to those with an unknown diagnosis. However, these neutrophil counts were not significantly different from those observed in horses with Salmonella.
  • Salmonella-infected horses were found to have significantly lower mean leukocyte counts compared to those with an unknown diagnosis.
  • No significant differences were found among the groups for any other examined variable.

Conclusion

Based on the research findings, the researchers concluded that ECoV and Salmonella infections share similar clinical features. This suggests that both diseases should be considered as differential diagnoses in horses presenting with fever and enteric clinical signs. Understanding the similarities can assist veterinarians in identifying and treating ECoV infection in horses more efficiently.

Cite This Article

APA
Manship AJ, Blikslager AT, Elfenbein JR. (2019). Disease features of equine coronavirus and enteric salmonellosis are similar in horses. J Vet Intern Med, 33(2), 912-917. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15386

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 33
Issue: 2
Pages: 912-917

Researcher Affiliations

Manship, Arlie J
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Blikslager, Anthony T
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Elfenbein, Johanna R
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Betacoronavirus 1 / isolation & purification
  • Blood Cell Count / veterinary
  • Blood Chemical Analysis / veterinary
  • Communicable Diseases, Emerging
  • Coronavirus Infections / diagnosis
  • Coronavirus Infections / veterinary
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Feces / microbiology
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Salmonella / isolation & purification
  • Salmonella Infections, Animal / diagnosis

Conflict of Interest Statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 11 times.
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