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Home / Equine Research Bank / Can Vet J / Disease investigations for equine infectious anemia in Canad...
The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne2019; 60(11); 1199-1206;

Disease investigations for equine infectious anemia in Canada (2009-2012) – Retrospective evaluation and risk factor analysis.

Abstract: This retrospective study describes the detection of equine infectious anemia (EIA) during Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) disease investigations in Canada, examines aspects of importance for disease control, and evaluates potential animal-level risk factors for EIA in high-risk horses. Based on review of all EIA-positive samples and all samples collected during disease investigations (N = 4553) over a 4-year period (2009 to 2012), 409 EIA cases were detected. Horse owners with EIA cases owned between 1 and 60 affected animals, and 49 horses seroconverted during a disease investigation period. Twenty-nine percent of cases ( = 68) for which this information was available had, or possibly had, clinical signs of EIA. Using a mixed effects logistic regression model, horses in older age groups were at greater odds of having a positive EIA status. The study emphasizes the importance of disease investigation activities when EIA is detected and identifies age as an animal-level risk factor in high-risk horses. . Cette étude rétrospective décrit la détection de l’anémie infectieuse équine (EIA) durant les enquêtes médicales de l’Agence canadienne d’inspection des aliments (CFIA) au Canada, examine les aspects importants pour la maitrise de la maladie, et évalue les facteurs de risque potentiels au niveau des animaux pour l’EIA chez les chevaux à risque élevé. Sur la base d’une revue de tous les échantillons positifs pour l’EIA et tous les échantillons prélevés durant les enquêtes (N = 4553) pendant une période de 4 ans (2009–2012), 409 cas d’EIA furent détectés. Les propriétaires de chevaux avec EIA possédaient entre 1 et 60 animaux affectés, et 49 chevaux ont séro-converti durant une période d’enquête. Vingt-neuf pourcents des cas ( = 68) pour lesquels l’information était disponible avaient, ou avaient possiblement eu, des signes cliniques d’EIA. Utilisant un modèle de régression logistique à effets mixtes, les chevaux des groupes d’animaux plus âgés étaient à plus grand risque d’avoir un statut positif pour l’EIA. Cette étude fait ressortir l’importance des activités d’enquêtes médicales lorsque l’EIA est détectée et identifie l’âge comme étant un facteur de risque au niveau de l’animal chez les chevaux à risque élevé.(Traduit par D Serge Messier).
Copyright and/or publishing rights held by the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association.
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Publication Date: 2019-11-07 PubMed ID: 31692681PubMed Central: PMC6805026
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  • Journal Article

Summary

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The research article investigates the detection of equine infectious anemia (EIA) in horses in Canada between 2009 and 2012. It also identifies age as a key risk factor for the disease.

Detection and Study of EIA Cases

  • Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) is a disease that has been under investigation by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) due to its potentially damaging effects on horses. Over four years, from 2009 to 2012, the agency carried out several disease investigations which form the basis of this retrospective study.
  • The researchers reviewed positive EIA samples sourced during these investigations, which totaled around 4553 samples. Through this process, they discovered 409 EIA cases.
  • Among the owners of horses with detected EIA, they owned between 1 to 60 affected animals. The study also found that 49 horses had seroconverted – or developed antibodies against the disease – during this investigation period.

Clinical Signs and Disease Investigation

  • About 29% of the cases, where this information was accessible, indicated that the horses had shown, or may have shown, clinical signs of EIA. Clinical signs could include recurring fever, anemia or edema (swelling).
  • This reinforces the importance of swift and thorough disease investigation activities when EIA is detected. Early identification and intervention can crucially impact the preventability of EIA’s spread.

Age as a Risk Factor

  • The study also employed a mixed-effects logistic regression model, which is a statistical model that can handle both fixed and random effects. This was to evaluate potential risk factors for EIA in high-risk horses.
  • The findings of the analysis suggested that horses in older age groups exhibited greater odds of having a positive EIA status, identifying age as an integral animal-level risk factor for the disease. This could help provide further guidance for disease control among older horse populations.

Conclusion

  • Conclusively, this research asserts the importance of robust disease investigation procedures when EIA is detected. It also sheds light on a crucial demographic risk factor, emphasizing the importance of close monitoring and preventative measures among older horse populations.

Cite This Article

APA
Lohmann KL, James CR, Higgins SN, Howden KJ, Epp T. (2019). Disease investigations for equine infectious anemia in Canada (2009-2012) – Retrospective evaluation and risk factor analysis. Can Vet J, 60(11), 1199-1206.

Publication

The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne
ISSN: 0008-5286
NlmUniqueID: 0004653
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 60
Issue: 11
Pages: 1199-1206

Researcher Affiliations

Lohmann, Katharina L
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Lohmann, Epp, Higgins); Terrestrial Animal Health Epidemiology and Surveillance Section, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 8403 Coronet Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6E 4N7 (Howden); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 59 Camelot Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0Y9 (James).
James, Carolyn R
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Lohmann, Epp, Higgins); Terrestrial Animal Health Epidemiology and Surveillance Section, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 8403 Coronet Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6E 4N7 (Howden); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 59 Camelot Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0Y9 (James).
Higgins, Sara N
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Lohmann, Epp, Higgins); Terrestrial Animal Health Epidemiology and Surveillance Section, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 8403 Coronet Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6E 4N7 (Howden); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 59 Camelot Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0Y9 (James).
Howden, Krista J
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Lohmann, Epp, Higgins); Terrestrial Animal Health Epidemiology and Surveillance Section, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 8403 Coronet Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6E 4N7 (Howden); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 59 Camelot Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0Y9 (James).
Epp, Tasha
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Lohmann, Epp, Higgins); Terrestrial Animal Health Epidemiology and Surveillance Section, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 8403 Coronet Road NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6E 4N7 (Howden); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 59 Camelot Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0Y9 (James).

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Canada
  • Equine Infectious Anemia
  • Factor Analysis, Statistical
  • Horses
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Guo X, Liu C, Wang Y, Li H, Ma S, Na L, Ren H, Lin Y, Wang X. Env from EIAV vaccine delicately regulates NLRP3 activation via attenuating NLRP3-NEK7 interaction. PLoS Pathog 2025 Jun;21(6):e1012772.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012772pubmed: 40522989google scholar: lookup
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