Distensible superficial venous orbital malformations involving the lower eyelid in two horses.
Abstract: 2 horses were examined because of vascular masses involving the lower eyelid. Results: Both horses had a unilateral, fluctuant mass involving the lower eyelid. For horse 1, the mass had been present since birth and had slowly increased in size over time. The mass also changed in size in response to various environmental stimuli, alterations in the position of the horse's head, and digital obstruction of superficial vessels adjacent to the mass. Horse 2 was brought to the hospital for euthanasia, and no historical or antemor-tem data were available. A combination of contrast angiography, Doppler ultrasonography, surgical exploration, and blood gas analysis (horse 1) and postmortem and histologic examination (horse 2) were used to determine that the masses consisted of non-neoplastic distended venous channels with anastomoses to the inferior lateral palpebral and angularis oculi veins (both horses) as well as the facial vein (horse 2). Histologic examination (horse 2) revealed large, endothelial cell-lined, blood-filled spaces within the deep dermis consistent with a distensible superficial venous orbital malformation. Results: Horse 1 underwent surgical exploration and ligation of the vascular malformation. Six months after surgery, the mass was markedly reduced in size, and size of the mass was static regardless of head position or environmental stimuli. Conclusions: Thorough preoperative planning with Doppler ultrasonography, contrast angiography, and blood gas analysis is recommended when attempting surgical correction of these malformations in horses. Surgical ligation can result in a successful cosmetic and functional outcome.
Publication Date: 2010-10-16 PubMed ID: 20946082DOI: 10.2460/javma.237.8.943Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research discusses two cases of horses with a vascular mass on their lower eyelid. Various analytical procedures were used to determine that these masses were distended veins. Surgically treating these veins achieved a positive outcome in one of the horses.
Examination of the Horses
- Two horses were studied, both displaying a similar vascular mass on the lower eyelid.
- The mass in the first horse had been present since its birth and altered in response to different environmental changes and body position.
- Regarding the second horse, there was little information available since it was brought for euthanasia.
Diagnostic Tests
- Diverse diagnostic methods were used to examine and identify the nature of masses.
- These included contrast angiography and Doppler ultrasonography for Blood flow analysis, Surgical exploration for physical inspection of the mass, Blood gas analysis to determine oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, and Postmortem and Histological examination on the second horse.
- Results indicated that the masses were comprised of distended venous channels.
Identification of Malformations
- The distended veins were connected to the inferior lateral palpebral and angularis oculi veins in both horses and also to the facial vein in the second horse.
- Through a Histological examination of the second horse, the researchers found large, blood-filled spaces within the deep dermis of the skin, indicating a distensible superficial venous orbital malformation.
Treatment and Results
- Regarding treatment, only the first horse underwent a surgical operation that involved tying off the abnormal veins.
- Six months post-surgery, the mass had significantly decreased in size and its size remained constant regardless of the horse’s head position or environmental changes.
Conclusion
- The research concludes that careful preoperative planning involving Doppler ultrasonography, contrast angiography, and blood gas analysis is recommended for preparing surgical correction procedures on these vascular malformations in horses.
- Surgical treatments can successfully produce good aesthetic and functional results for horses with these conditions.
Cite This Article
APA
Trope GD, Steel CM, Bowers JR, Bradbury LA, Hodge PJ, Maggs DJ.
(2010).
Distensible superficial venous orbital malformations involving the lower eyelid in two horses.
J Am Vet Med Assoc, 237(8), 943-948.
https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.237.8.943 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- The Equine Centre, Veterinary Clinic and Hospital, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Eyelid Diseases / pathology
- Eyelid Diseases / surgery
- Eyelid Diseases / veterinary
- Eyelids / pathology
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Male
- Peripheral Vascular Diseases / pathology
- Peripheral Vascular Diseases / surgery
- Peripheral Vascular Diseases / veterinary
- Veins / abnormalities
- Veins / pathology
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Stonex TM, Zibura AE, Andres M, Gilger BC, Oh A. Polidocanol monotherapy for a superficial orbital venous malformation in a horse.. Vet Ophthalmol 2022 Sep;25(5):412-418.
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