FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Vaccine / Duration of immunity induced by an equine influenza and teta...
Vaccine2010; 28(43); 6989-6996; doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.043

Duration of immunity induced by an equine influenza and tetanus combination vaccine formulation adjuvanted with ISCOM-Matrix.

Abstract: Equine influenza is a contagious disease caused by equine influenza virus which belongs to the orthomyxovirus family. Outbreaks of equine influenza cause severe economic loses to the horse industry and consequently horses in competition are required to be regularly vaccinated against equine influenza. Unlike the existing inactivated vaccines, Equilis Prequenza Te is the only one able to induce protection against clinical disease and virus excretion after a primary vaccination course consisting of two vaccine applications 4-6 weeks apart until the recommended time of the third vaccination. In this paper we describe the duration of immunity profile, tested in an experimental setting according to European legislation, of this inactivated equine influenza and tetanus combination vaccine. In addition to influenza antigen, the formulation contains a second generation ISCOM (the so called ISCOMatrix) as an adjuvant. The vaccine aims at the induction of protection from the primary vaccination course until the time of annual revaccination 12 months later, against challenge with a virulent equine influenza strain. The protection against A/equine/Kentucky/95 (H3N8) at the time of annual revaccination was evidenced by a significant reduction of clinical signs of influenza, a significant reduction of virus excretion and a significant reduction of fever. The effect of the annual revaccination on the duration of immunity against influenza and tetanus was also studied by serology. For tetanus, as a consequence of the 24 months duration of immunity, an alternating annual vaccination schedule consisting of Prequenza and Prequenza Te is proposed after the first three doses of Prequenza Te.
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2010-08-20 PubMed ID: 20728523DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.043Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research examines the effectiveness and longevity of a combined vaccine for equine influenza and tetanus, which incorporates an adjuvant known as ISCOM-Matrix. The study found the vaccine to offer significant protection against equine influenza, reducing clinical symptoms, viral shedding, and fever for up to a year following initial vaccination.

Study Objective and Methodology

  • The primary goal of this research was to investigate the duration of immunity offered by the Equilis Prequenza Te vaccine; an inactivated combination vaccine for equine influenza and tetanus that is adjuvanted with a second generation ISCOM (termed ISCOMatrix).
  • Unlike other vaccines, Equilis Prequenza Te is designed to provide immunity against both clinical disease and viral excretion after just two initial doses administered 4-6 weeks apart.
  • In compliance with European legislation, the effectiveness of the vaccine was tested in experimental conditions, with an emphasis on evaluating its protective capacity against a potent strain of equine influenza (A/equine/Kentucky/95 (H3N8)).

Findings and Implications

  • The findings indicated that this combination vaccine is effective in reducing clinical signs of influenza, inhibiting virus excretion, and lessening fever up until the annual revaccination timepoint (12 months post-initial vaccination).
  • Additionally, it was discovered that the annual revaccination has a noticeable impact on the duration of immunity against both influenza and tetanus, as measured via serology.
  • The research suggests a proposed vaccination schedule for tetanus due to the observed 24 months duration of immunity. In this regimen, an alternating annual vaccination with Prequenza and Prequenza Te is recommended following the first three doses of Prequenza Te.
  • Notably, this research provides crucial insights into optimizing vaccination programming for equine influenza and tetanus, enhancing the health and wellbeing of horses while minimizing economic losses in the horse industry.

Cite This Article

APA
Heldens JG, Pouwels HG, Derks CG, Van de Zande SM, Hoeijmakers MJ. (2010). Duration of immunity induced by an equine influenza and tetanus combination vaccine formulation adjuvanted with ISCOM-Matrix. Vaccine, 28(43), 6989-6996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.043

Publication

Vaccine
ISSN: 1873-2518
NlmUniqueID: 8406899
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 28
Issue: 43
Pages: 6989-6996

Researcher Affiliations

Heldens, J G M
  • Intervet Schering Plough Animal Health, Department for Virological R&D, W. de Körverstraat 35, 5831 AN Boxmeer, The Netherlands. jacco.heldens@sp.nobilon.com
Pouwels, H G W
    Derks, C G G
      Van de Zande, S M A
        Hoeijmakers, M J H

          MeSH Terms

          • Adjuvants, Immunologic / pharmacology
          • Animals
          • Antibodies, Viral / blood
          • Horse Diseases / immunology
          • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
          • Horses / immunology
          • ISCOMs / immunology
          • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / immunology
          • Influenza Vaccines / immunology
          • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
          • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
          • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
          • Tetanus / immunology
          • Tetanus / prevention & control
          • Tetanus / veterinary
          • Tetanus Toxoid / immunology
          • Vaccination / veterinary
          • Vaccines, Combined / immunology

          Citations

          This article has been cited 13 times.
          1. El-Hage C, Hartley C, Savage C, Watson J, Gilkerson J, Paillot R. Assessment of Humoral and Long-Term Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to Recombinant Canarypox-Vectored Equine Influenza Virus Vaccination in Horses Using Conventional and Accelerated Regimens Respectively.. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 May 26;10(6).
            doi: 10.3390/vaccines10060855pubmed: 35746463google scholar: lookup
          2. Desanti-Consoli H, Bouillon J, Chapuis RJJ. Equids' Core Vaccines Guidelines in North America: Considerations and Prospective.. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Mar 4;10(3).
            doi: 10.3390/vaccines10030398pubmed: 35335029google scholar: lookup
          3. Oladunni FS, Oseni SO, Martinez-Sobrido L, Chambers TM. Equine Influenza Virus and Vaccines.. Viruses 2021 Aug 20;13(8).
            doi: 10.3390/v13081657pubmed: 34452521google scholar: lookup
          4. Fougerolle S, Fortier C, Legrand L, Jourdan M, Marcillaud-Pitel C, Pronost S, Paillot R. Success and Limitation of Equine Influenza Vaccination: The First Incursion in a Decade of a Florida Clade 1 Equine Influenza Virus that Shakes Protection Despite High Vaccine Coverage.. Vaccines (Basel) 2019 Nov 2;7(4).
            doi: 10.3390/vaccines7040174pubmed: 31684097google scholar: lookup
          5. Blanco-Lobo P, Rodriguez L, Reedy S, Oladunni FS, Nogales A, Murcia PR, Chambers TM, Martinez-Sobrido L. A Bivalent Live-Attenuated Vaccine for the Prevention of Equine Influenza Virus.. Viruses 2019 Oct 11;11(10).
            doi: 10.3390/v11100933pubmed: 31614538google scholar: lookup
          6. Dilai M, Piro M, El Harrak M, Fougerolle S, Dehhaoui M, Dikrallah A, Legrand L, Paillot R, Fassi Fihri O. Impact of Mixed Equine Influenza Vaccination on Correlate of Protection in Horses.. Vaccines (Basel) 2018 Oct 4;6(4).
            doi: 10.3390/vaccines6040071pubmed: 30287762google scholar: lookup
          7. Paillot R, Garrett D, Lopez-Alvarez MR, Birand I, Montesso F, Horspool L. The Immunity Gap Challenge: Protection against a Recent Florida Clade 2 Equine Influenza Strain.. Vaccines (Basel) 2018 Jul 2;6(3).
            doi: 10.3390/vaccines6030038pubmed: 30004410google scholar: lookup
          8. Torres-Sangiao E, Holban AM, Gestal MC. Advanced Nanobiomaterials: Vaccines, Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases.. Molecules 2016 Jul 1;21(7).
            doi: 10.3390/molecules21070867pubmed: 27376260google scholar: lookup
          9. Pavulraj S, Bera BC, Joshi A, Anand T, Virmani M, Vaid RK, Shanmugasundaram K, Gulati BR, Rajukumar K, Singh R, Misri J, Singh RK, Tripathi BN, Virmani N. Pathology of Equine Influenza virus (H3N8) in Murine Model.. PLoS One 2015;10(11):e0143094.
            doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143094pubmed: 26587990google scholar: lookup
          10. Paillot R. A Systematic Review of Recent Advances in Equine Influenza Vaccination.. Vaccines (Basel) 2014 Nov 14;2(4):797-831.
            doi: 10.3390/vaccines2040797pubmed: 26344892google scholar: lookup
          11. Pouwels HG, Van de Zande SM, Horspool LJ, Hoeijmakers MJ. Efficacy of a non-updated, Matrix-C-based equine influenza subunit-tetanus vaccine following Florida sublineage clade 2 challenge.. Vet Rec 2014 Jun 21;174(25):633.
            doi: 10.1136/vr.101993pubmed: 24795071google scholar: lookup
          12. Reimer JM, Karlsson KH, Lövgren-Bengtsson K, Magnusson SE, Fuentes A, Stertman L. Matrix-M™ adjuvant induces local recruitment, activation and maturation of central immune cells in absence of antigen.. PLoS One 2012;7(7):e41451.
            doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041451pubmed: 22844480google scholar: lookup
          13. Ault A, Zajac AM, Kong WP, Gorres JP, Royals M, Wei CJ, Bao S, Yang ZY, Reedy SE, Sturgill TL, Page AE, Donofrio-Newman J, Adams AA, Balasuriya UB, Horohov DW, Chambers TM, Nabel GJ, Rao SS. Immunogenicity and clinical protection against equine influenza by DNA vaccination of ponies.. Vaccine 2012 Jun 6;30(26):3965-74.
            doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.026pubmed: 22449425google scholar: lookup
          Subscribe to our newsletter
          Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.