FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J / Early incisor lesions and Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorpt...
Equine veterinary journal2022; 55(2); 261-269; doi: 10.1111/evj.13577

Early incisor lesions and Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis: Reliability of radiographic findings.

Abstract: In clinical practice, early diagnosis of Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis (EOTRH) and other resorptive incisor diseases is difficult to achieve. The radiographic appearance of subtle pathological changes has not been described in detail and might be confused with age-related changes. Objective: The study was performed to define typical radiographic signs of early incisor lesions and to evaluate the reliability of the radiographic findings. Methods: Descriptive and comparative study using post mortem clinical, radiographic, macroscopic and µCT examination. Methods: The incisor region of 20 cadaveric horse heads, divided into three different age groups, was examined visually and by palpation. Intraoral radiographs were taken. After extraction, each incisor was macroscopically evaluated. Micro-computed tomography (µCT) scans were obtained. These scans were processed with Scry (v6.0, Kuchel & Sautter GbR) to obtain surface meshes which then were transferred to Meshlab (ISTI-CNR, version 2016.12). Attached tissues were virtually removed and surface curvature was computed to visualise and evaluate the quantity of unevenness (roughness) of the teeth's surface. Scoring systems for each diagnostic modality were developed. Scores were compared to describe and evaluate the radiographic appearance of early incisor lesions. Results: The prevalence and severity of incisor lesions increased with age. Early, subtle lesions develop on the palatal/lingual side of incisors. While radiographically detected lesions were confirmed macroscopically and on the µCT scans, numerous teeth which were radiographically classified as healthy displayed lesions by macroscopic inspection (13.7%) and µCT analysis (58.1%). Conclusions: Cadavers were studied and dental history was unknown. Conclusions: The detection of early and subtle incisor lesions indicating first signs of EOTRH on dorsoventral intraoral radiographs is limited due to the typical localisation of the lesions on the palatal/lingual side of the incisors. 背景: 临床上对马齿碎屑吸收和牙骨质增生 (EOTRH) 以及其他吸收性切齿疾病的早期诊断比较困难。切齿早期病变的检测非常具有挑战性, 微小病变的x线片表现不能详细描述, 更可能与齿年龄相关的变化相混淆。 目的: 本研究旨在确定早期切齿病变的典型x线片特征, 并评估x线征象的可靠性。 研究设计: 采用尸检临床检查、x线片、大体检查以及µCT评价, 进行描述性和对比性研究。 方法: 对20例马尸体头部的切齿区进行视诊和触诊, 分为3个年龄组。拍摄口腔内x光片。拔除后对各门齿进行宏观大体检查。获得微计算机断层扫描(µCT)。这些扫描用Scry 处理以获得表面网格, 然后转移到Meshlab 。移除切齿表面附着的组织, 计算切齿表面曲率, 以可视化评估牙齿表面的均匀度 (粗糙程度)。 并为每种诊断模式开发了评分系统。将评分结果进行比较, 以描述和评价早期切齿病变的影像学特征。 结果: 切齿病变的发生率和严重程度随年龄的增长而增加。早期, 微小的病变通常在切齿腭/舌侧。虽然放射学检查发现的病变在大体检查和μCT扫描上得到了确认, 但放射学诊断显示健康的牙齿中也能检出病变: 大体检查 (13.7%) 和μCT(58.1%) 。 主要限制: 没有临床检查活马以及样本牙科历史未知。 结论: 由于病变的典型位置在切齿的腭/舌侧, 因此的口腔背腹侧x线片上发现微小的切齿病变提示早期EOTRH的功能具有局限性。.
© 2022 The Authors. Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2022-03-28 PubMed ID: 35302672DOI: 10.1111/evj.13577Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study examines the difficulty of early diagnosis of Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis (EOTRH) and related incisor diseases in horses. Using post-mortem examinations, x-ray imaging, and micro-computed tomography scans on horse heads of varying ages, the study finds that current diagnostic methods struggle to detect subtle early-stage indicators of these diseases.

Research Methods

  • The study involved a descriptive and comparative examination of 20 cadaveric horse heads, divided into three different age groups.
  • Each incisor was visually and physically examined, and intraoral radiographs (x-rays) were taken. After extraction, each incisor was macroscopically evaluated.
  • Micro-computed tomography (µCT) scans were conducted, and the scans were processed through Scry to create surface meshes and visualize the roughness of the teeth. These meshes were then transferred to Meshlab for further evaluation.
  • Scoring systems were developed for each diagnostic method for comparison and evaluation.

Findings

  • The research found an increase in prevalence and severity of incisor lesions with age. These subtle lesions develop on the palatal/lingual side of incisors.
  • While radiographically detected lesions were confirmed macroscopically and through µCT scans, many teeth classified as healthy through x-rays displayed lesions under the macroscopic inspection (13.7%) and µCT analysis (58.1%).

Conclusion

  • The study concludes the effectiveness of detecting early and subtle lesions using dorsoventral intraoral radiographs is limited due to the common location of these early lesions on the palatal/lingual side of incisors.
  • As these incisors were examined post-mortem, the dental histories of the horses were unknown, presenting a limiting factor to the study.

The research indicates a need for improved, more reliable techniques in early detection of EOTRH and highlights the limitations of current diagnostic methods.

Cite This Article

APA
Albers L, Albers J, Dullin C, Staszyk C, Bienert-Zeit A. (2022). Early incisor lesions and Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis: Reliability of radiographic findings. Equine Vet J, 55(2), 261-269. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13577

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 55
Issue: 2
Pages: 261-269

Researcher Affiliations

Albers, Louisa
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
Albers, Jonas
  • Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Dullin, Christian
  • Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Staszyk, Carsten
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany.
Bienert-Zeit, Astrid
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Incisor / diagnostic imaging
  • X-Ray Microtomography
  • Hypercementosis / diagnostic imaging
  • Hypercementosis / veterinary
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Horse Diseases / diagnostic imaging
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Tooth Resorption / diagnostic imaging
  • Tooth Resorption / veterinary

Grant Funding

  • IGFP (Internationale Gesellschaft zur Funktionsverbesserung der Pferdezu00e4hne e.V.).

References

This article includes 23 references
  1. Staszyk C, Bienert A, Kreutzer R, Wohlsein P, Simhofer H. Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis. Vet J 2008;178:372-9.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.09.017google scholar: lookup
  2. Rahmani V, Häyrinen L, Kareinen I, Ruohoniemi M. History, clinical findings and outcome of horses with radiographical signs of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis. Vet Record 2019;185:730.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.105253google scholar: lookup
  3. Hole SL, Staszyk C. Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis. Equine Vet Educ 2018;30:386-91.
    doi: 10.1111/eve.12603google scholar: lookup
  4. Tremaine H. A Modern approach to equine dentistry 3. In Practice 2012;34:114-27.
    doi: 10.1136/inp.e1344google scholar: lookup
  5. Barratt RM. Equine incisor resorptive lesions. In: Proceedings, 21st Annual Veterinary Dental Forum, vol. 21. Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; 2007; p. 123-130.
  6. Earley E, Rawlinson JT. A new understanding of oral and dental disorders of the equine incisor and canine teeth. Vet Clin N Am Equine Pract 2013;29:273-300.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2013.04.011google scholar: lookup
  7. Henry TJ, Puchalski SM, Arzi B, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM. Radiographic evaluation in clinical practice of the types and stage of incisor tooth resorption and hypercementosis in horses. Equine Vet J 2017;49:486-92.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12650google scholar: lookup
  8. Rehrl S, Schröder W, Müller C, Staszyk C, Lischer C. Radiological prevalence of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis. Equine Vet J 2018;50:481-7.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12776google scholar: lookup
  9. Englisch LM, Rott P, Lüpke M, Seifert H, Staszyk C. Anatomy of equine incisors: pulp horns and subocclusal dentine thickness. Equine Vet J 2018;50:854-60.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12841google scholar: lookup
  10. Schrock P, Lüpke M, Seifert H, Staszyk C. Three-dimensional anatomy of equine incisors: tooth length, enamel cover and age related changes. BMC Vet Res 2013;9:249.
    doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-249google scholar: lookup
  11. Cohen J. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educ Psychol Measur 1960;20(1):37-46.
    doi: 10.1177/001316446002000104google scholar: lookup
  12. McHugh ML. Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochemia Medica 2012;22:276-82.
    doi: 10.11613/bm.2012.031google scholar: lookup
  13. Smedley RC, Earley ET, Galloway SS, Baratt RM, Rawlinson JE. Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis: histopathologic features. Vet Path 2015;52:903-9.
    doi: 10.1177/0300985815588608google scholar: lookup
  14. Lorello O, Foster DL, Levine DG, Boyle A, Engiles J, Orsini JA. Clinical treatment and prognosis of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis. Equine Vet J 2016;48:188-94.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12406google scholar: lookup
  15. Pearson AM, Mansfield G, Conaway M, Koput K. Associated risk factors of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 2013;59:65-70.
  16. Limone LE. Update on equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis. Vet Clin N Am Equine Pract 2020;36:671-89.
  17. Schellenberger F. EOTRH - Die Klinische Untersuchung - Eine Basis Für Den Therapieplan. In: 16. IGFP-Kongress / Conference, 09. - 10. März 2018 in Niedernhausen/Wiesbaden; IGFP: Parkstetten, 2018:78-80.
  18. Schrock P, Lüpke M, Seifert H, Staszyk C. Finite element analysis of equine incisor teeth. Part 2: investigation of stresses and strain energy densities in the periodontal ligament and surrounding bone during tooth movement. Vet J 2013;198:590-8.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.10.010google scholar: lookup
  19. Dakin SG, Lam R, Rees E, Mumby C, West C, Weller R. Standing CT of the equine head. Equine Vet Educ 2014;26:208-15.
    doi: 10.1111/eve.12127google scholar: lookup
  20. Strauch S, Schwarzer J, Kau S. Computertomografie in der Pferdezahnheilkunde - ein Überblick. Pferde Spiegel 2019;22:23-36.
    doi: 10.1055/a-0671-8580google scholar: lookup
  21. Andreasen JO. Luxation of permanent teeth due to trauma: a clinical and radiographic follow-up study of 189 injured teeth. Eur J Oral Sci 1970;78:273-86.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1970.tb02074.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  22. Aidos H, Diogo P, Santos JM. Root resorption classifications: a narrative review and a clinical aid proposal for routine assessment. Eur Endod J 2018;3:134-45.
    doi: 10.14744/eej.2018.33043google scholar: lookup
  23. Ne RF, Witherspoon DE, Gutmann JL. Tooth resorption. Quintessence Int 1999;30:9-25.

Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Proost K, Staszyk C, Boone MN, Vogelsberg J, Josipovic I, Vlaminck L, Chiers K. A histological description of alpaca (Vicugna pacos) cheek teeth: Findings and anatomical variations in macroscopically normal molars. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:972973.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.972973pubmed: 36387382google scholar: lookup
  2. Albers L, Bienert-Zeit A, Staszyk C. Equine Incisor Lesions: Histologic Confirmation of Radiographic, Macroscopic, and Micro-Computed Tomographic Findings. Vet Sci 2022 Jul 11;9(7).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci9070348pubmed: 35878366google scholar: lookup
  3. Nugent Z, Jensen A, Owen N, Peffers AJ, Moothanchery M, Peffers MJ. Characterisation of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis: A comparative study using microCT and radiography in age-matched controls. Equine Vet J 2025 Jul;57(4):1099-1109.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.14453pubmed: 39825614google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.