Effect of exercise on the partitioning of equine respiratory resistance.
Abstract: Pleural, tracheal, pharyngeal and mask pressures as well as airflow and tidal volume of five ponies on a treadmill (incline 8.3 degrees) were recorded simultaneously while resting, walking, trotting slowly, trotting fast, after standing for 30 secs and 5 mins after the end of the exercise. The curves obtained were used to calculate total pulmonary resistance (RL), lower airway resistance (RLA) and upper airway resistance (RUA). The latter was also divided into nasal resistance (Rnas) and laryngeal plus extrathoracic tracheal resistance (Retr + lar). Furthermore, the inspiratory and expiratory components of each of these R values were estimated. Levels of RL, RLA and RUA were increased significantly during exercise but, during the recovery period, the values were significantly lower than those pre-exercise. RUA represented 82 per cent of RL at rest and this percentage did not change significantly during and after exercise. The nasal resistance to RUA ratio was always higher than 0.5. The fact that RL increased with exercise intensity was due to the increase of RUA during inspiration, and mainly a result of the increase of RLA during expiration. At fast trot, RLA represented 5 and 50 per cent of RL during inspiration and expiration respectively. It was concluded that heavy exercise induces in ponies an increase of RL, one reason for which could be the partial collapse of the extrathoracic and intrathoracic airways during inspiration and expiration respectively.
Publication Date: 1988-07-01 PubMed ID: 3168986DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1988.tb01521.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research examines how exercise impacts the distribution of respiratory resistance in horses. Through the measurement of various pressures, airflow and tidal volume in ponies running on a treadmill, the study observes changes in the animals’ upper and lower airway resistance before, during, and after exercise.
Methodology
- The research was conducted on five ponies while they were on a treadmill inclined at 8.3 degrees. The activities included resting, walking, trotting slowly, trotting fast, standing for 30 seconds, and resting 5 minutes after exercise.
- Various metrics like pleural, tracheal, pharyngeal, and mask pressures were recorded. Moreover, airflow and tidal volume were also measured.
- Using these recordings, the research team calculated total pulmonary resistance (RL), lower airway resistance (RLA), and upper airway resistance (RUA).
- RUA was split further into nasal resistance (Rnas) and laryngeal plus extrathoracic tracheal resistance (Retr+lar).
- The inspiratory and expiratory components of each of these resistances were also estimated.
Findings
- The study found significant increases in RL, RLA, and RUA during exercise. However, these values fell below pre-exercise levels during the recovery period.
- At rest, RUA represented 82% of RL, a ratio that remained relatively consistent during and after exercise.
- The ratio of nasal resistance to RUA was always higher than 0.5, indicating that nasal resistance contributed a significant portion of the upper airway resistance.
- The increase in total pulmonary resistance (RL) with exercise intensity was due to the increase in upper airway resistance (RUA) during inspiration and the increase in lower airway resistance (RLA) during expiration.
- At a fast trot, lower airway resistance (RLA) accounted for 5% of total resistance during inspiration and 50% during expiration.
Conclusion
- The study concludes that heavy exercise can result in increased total pulmonary resistance (RL) in ponies. One proposed explanation for this increase is the partial collapse of the extrathoracic and intrathoracic airways during inspiration and expiration, respectively.
Cite This Article
APA
Art T, Serteyn D, Lekeux P.
(1988).
Effect of exercise on the partitioning of equine respiratory resistance.
Equine Vet J, 20(4), 268-273.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1988.tb01521.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Laboratory for cardio-pulmonary functional investigation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Brussels, Belgium.
MeSH Terms
- Airway Resistance
- Animals
- Horses / physiology
- Physical Exertion
- Pulmonary Ventilation
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Poole DC, Erickson HH. Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage: where are we now?. Vet Med (Auckl) 2016;7:133-148.
- Mellor DJ, Beausoleil NJ. Equine Welfare during Exercise: An Evaluation of Breathing, Breathlessness and Bridles.. Animals (Basel) 2017 May 26;7(6).
- Art T, Lekeux P. Pulmonary mechanics during treadmill exercise in race ponies.. Vet Res Commun 1988;12(2-3):245-58.
- Art T, Lekeux P. The effect of shape, age and extension on the compliance of equine tracheal segments.. Vet Res Commun 1991;15(2):135-46.
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