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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Effect of Lavage Solution Type on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Flu...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2023; 13(16); 2637; doi: 10.3390/ani13162637

Effect of Lavage Solution Type on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cytology in Clinically Healthy Horses.

Abstract: Equine bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is usually performed with 250-500 mL of isotonic saline at pH 5.5. The acidic pH of saline may cause an increase in airway neutrophil count 48 h after BAL. Other isotonic solutions such as Ringer's solution, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or Plasma-Lyte 148 have a neutral pH of 7.4 and might be a better choice for BAL by not provoking inflammation and the influx of neutrophils into airways. BAL was performed in four healthy horses in four different lung lobes using four different solutions in a randomized crossover design. In each lobe, BAL was performed twice with a 48 h interval using 250 mL of solution. Automated total nucleated cell counts (TNCs) were recorded, and differential cell counts in lavage fluid were determined by two investigators blinded to treatments. The mean volume of BAL fluid retrieved was 51 ± 14%. The mean neutrophil percentage (%N) increased from 1.5 ± 0.9% to 14.7 ± 9.6% at 48 h ( < 0.001) but was not significantly affected by the solution used or the lung lobe sampled. In conclusion, in this study, the influx of neutrophils into airways after BAL was independent of the type of isotonic solution used and the lung lobe sampled. Saline remains an appropriate solution for BAL in horses.
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Publication Date: 2023-08-15 PubMed ID: 37627428PubMed Central: PMC10451886DOI: 10.3390/ani13162637Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates how the type of lavage solution applied in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of healthy horses affects the fluid cytology. The study found that the influx of neutrophils into airways doesn’t significantly depend on isotonic solution type or the lung lobe sampled, suggesting saline remains a suitable solution for BAL in horses.

Research Objective

  • The study aimed to determine the effect of different types of isotonic solutions used in performing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on the cytology of the lavage fluid in healthy horses. The aim was to understand whether the type of solution used or the lung lobe sampled has any significant impact on the inflammatory response, particularly on the influx of neutrophils.

Methodology

  • The researchers performed BAL on four healthy horses in four different lung lobes using four different solutions: Ringer’s solution, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Plasma-Lyte 148 and the commonly used saline solution, all having different pH levels.
  • The choice of solutions was designed in a randomized crossover pattern, and BAL was performed twice in each lobe with a 48-hour interval using 250 mL of each solution.
  • To determine the effects, automated total nucleated cell counts (TNCs) were recorded, and differential cell counts in lavage fluid were determined by two investigators blinded to treatments.

Results

  • The average volume of retrieved BAL fluid was 51%, with a standard deviation of 14%. The neutrophils percentage increased substantially from around 1.5% to almost 15% at the end of 48 hours.
  • However, the surge in neutrophils was found to be independent of the type of solution used or the lung lobe sampled, suggesting that the inflammatory response was not significantly affected by these factors.

Conclusion

  • The research concludes that the type of isotonic solution used for BAL in horses, or the lung lobe sampled, predetermines the increased neutrophil influx into airways after the procedure, suggesting that saline remains a suitable option for conducting BAL.
  • This finding is important in a veterinary context, as it gives clarity and assurance to practitioners who wish to use saline in BAL procedures for horses, while considering potential inflammatory response changes.

Cite This Article

APA
Westermann CM, de Bie AG, Olave C, de Grauw JC, Teske E, Couetil LL. (2023). Effect of Lavage Solution Type on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cytology in Clinically Healthy Horses. Animals (Basel), 13(16), 2637. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13162637

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 16
PII: 2637

Researcher Affiliations

Westermann, Cornélie M
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 114, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
de Bie, Annelieke G
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 114, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Dierenkliniek de Vijfsprong, Vijfsprongweg 28, 6733 JJ Wekerom, The Netherlands.
Olave, Carla
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
de Grauw, Janny C
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 114, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London AL9 7TA, UK.
Teske, Erik
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 114, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Couetil, Laurent L
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Woodrow JS, Hopster K, Palmisano M, Payette F, Kulp J, Stefanovski D, Nolen-Walston R. Time to resolution of airway inflammation caused by bronchoalveolar lavage in healthy horses. J Vet Intern Med 2024 Sep-Oct;38(5):2776-2782.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.17169pubmed: 39198933google scholar: lookup
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