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Veterinary sciences2025; 12(4); doi: 10.3390/vetsci12040382

Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Equine Tendon and Ligament Injuries: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Experimental Studies.

Abstract: (1) Background: Tendon and ligament injuries are a leading cause of lameness in horses, with significant economic implications. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has gained attention for its regenerative potential, but its efficacy remains uncertain due to inconsistent study designs and reporting. (2) Methods: This systematic review, following the PRISMA guidelines, evaluated 22 studies (clinical and experimental) to assess the safety and efficacy of PRP in treating equine tendon and ligament injuries. The risk of bias was analyzed using the ROBINS-I and RoB 2.0 tools. (3) Results: PRP demonstrated a favorable safety profile, with no severe adverse effects reported. Clinical outcomes included improved lameness scores, ultrasonographic tissue organization, and return-to-work rates. However, variability in PRP formulations (e.g., leukocyte-rich vs. leukocyte-reduced) and activation methods (e.g., calcium chloride, thrombin) contributed to inconsistent results. Experimental studies supported PRP's role in collagen synthesis and neovascularization, but comparative trials with stem cells or other therapies (e.g., extracorporeal shockwave) showed mixed results. The methodological quality of studies varied, with only 27% achieving "good" scores for PRP reporting. (4) Conclusions: PRP is a safe and potentially effective treatment, but its clinical application is hindered by a lack of standardization. Future research should focus on large, randomized controlled trials with uniform PRP protocols, long-term (≥2 years) efficacy assessments, comparative studies with MSC combinations, and cost-effectiveness analyses.
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Publication Date: 2025-04-18 PubMed ID: 40284884PubMed Central: PMC12031177DOI: 10.3390/vetsci12040382Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research is a systematic review of 22 studies analyzing the effectiveness and safety of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in treating tendon and ligament injuries in horses. The review finds that PRP has a good safety profile and shows potential for effectively treating such injuries, but also notes variability in outcomes due to inconsistencies in study designs and PRP formulation methods.

Research Background

  • Tendon and ligament injuries are a major cause of lameness in horses and thus carry significant economic impact, making effective treatment methods crucial.
  • Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has gained attention due to its potential for regenerative properties, but its efficacy remains uncertain due to inconsistent study designs and reporting methods.

Research Methods

  • The researchers followed PRISMA guidelines conducting this systematic review. They covered 22 studies, including both clinical and experimental works, to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PRP in treating equine tendon and ligament injuries.
  • The researchers examined the risk of bias in the studies analyzed using the ROBINS-I and RoB 2.0 tools.

Results of the Study

  • PRP demonstrated a positive safety profile, with no severe side effects reported in any of the studies reviewed.
  • Clinical outcomes from the studies showed positive results like improved lameness scores, better tissue organization when viewed through ultrasonography, and higher return-to-work rates.
  • However, inconsistent results were observed based on the variability in PRP formulations, such as leukocyte-rich versus leukocyte-reduced, and different activation methods (specifically calcium chloride and thrombin).
  • Experimental studies backed up PRP’s role in collagen synthesis and neovascularization, but trials comparing PRP with therapies like stem cells or extracorporeal shockwave offered mixed results.
  • The methodological quality of the studies reviewed varied significantly. Only about a quarter (27%) achieved “good” scores for their reporting on PRP.

Conclusions

  • The research concludes that PRP is a potentially effective and safe treatment for equine tendon and ligament injuries.
  • However, clinical application of PRP is hindered by lack of standardization in its use and reporting.
  • The researchers recommend future research to focus on randomized controlled trials with standardized PRP protocols, long-term efficacy assessments (2 years or more), comparative studies with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and cost-effectiveness analysis.

Cite This Article

APA
Carmona JU, López C. (2025). Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Equine Tendon and Ligament Injuries: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Experimental Studies. Vet Sci, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12040382

Publication

Veterinary sciences
ISSN: 2306-7381
NlmUniqueID: 101680127
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 4

Researcher Affiliations

Carmona, Jorge U
  • Grupo de Investigación Terapia Regenerativa, Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No 26-10, Manizales 170004, Colombia.
López, Catalina
  • Grupo de Investigación Patología Clínica Veterinaria, Departamento de Salud Animal, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No 26-10, Manizales 170004, Colombia.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
  1. Carmona JU, Hernández-Valencia JD, López C. Molecular and Regenerative Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Related Hemocomponents in Animal Models of Liver Injury-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2026 Jan 20;27(2).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms27021013pubmed: 41596657google scholar: lookup
  2. Carmona JU, López C, Argüelles D. Addressing Heterogeneity in Equine PRP Therapies: A Scoping Review of Methods, Evidence, and Commercial Validation. Animals (Basel) 2025 Dec 13;15(24).
    doi: 10.3390/ani15243586pubmed: 41463871google scholar: lookup
  3. Carmona JU, López C. Platelet-Rich Plasma in Equine Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Experimental Evidence. Animals (Basel) 2025 Sep 9;15(18).
    doi: 10.3390/ani15182647pubmed: 41007891google scholar: lookup
  4. Najeb M, Samy A, Rizk A, Mosbah E, Karrouf G. Regenerative biologics modulating inflammation and promoting tenogenesis in equine superficial digital flexor tendonitis: from molecular pathways to clinical translation. Ir Vet J 2025 Sep 17;78(1):21.
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