Electrocardiographic Changes in a Horse with Induced Myocardial Infarction.
Abstract: During acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the ischemia and necrosis of the infarcted tissue result in local electrophysiological changes, which bring about deviations of the ST segment and T wave. In this case report, the aim was to investigate whether these changes could be detected with a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) during acute occlusion of the coronary artery in a 15-year-old Standardbred mare (scheduled for euthanasia due to non-cardiac health problems). The left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was occluded using an angioplasty balloon catheter guided through the carotid artery. Two coronary occlusions of 30 min were induced, separated by a 10-min reperfusion phase. AMI led to ST deviations and T-wave amplitude changes (maximum ST deviation was 1.98 mV; T-wave amplitude increased from 6.58 to 9.25 mV). The ST segment almost returned to the baseline during the reperfusion phase. The ECG changes seen after the infarction were comparable to those reported in other species with AMI, suggesting that the 12-lead-ECG can potentially be used to detect signs of myocardial infarction in horses.
Publication Date: 2022-05-16 PubMed ID: 35625118PubMed Central: PMC9137605DOI: 10.3390/ani12101272Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research article discusses a study wherein acute myocardial infarction was artificially induced in a horse, and the resulting changes in the heart’s electrocardiogram were observed and analyzed. The aim of the study was to determine if a 12-lead electrocardiogram could detect these changes, similar to other species.
Study Background and Aim
- Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, results in ischemia (shortage of blood supply) and necrosis (tissue death) in the affected heart tissue.
- This damage leads to changes in the heart’s local electrophysiology, particularly deviations in the ST segment and T wave, which can be detected by an electrocardiogram (ECG).
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether these changes in ST segment and T wave could be detected in a horse experiencing AMI using a 12-lead ECG.
Methodology
- The AMI was artificially induced in a 15-year-old Standardbred mare that was scheduled for euthanasia due to non-cardiac health problems. This was done to investigate AMI without risking the life of a healthy horse.
- The AMI was achieved by occluding (blocking) the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in the horse’s heart through an angioplasty balloon catheter. The catheter was guided through the carotid artery to reach the LAD coronary artery.
- Two sessions of artery occlusion were conducted for 30 minutes each, separated by a 10-minute reperfusion phase where the blockage was relieved to allow blood flow back into the affected tissue.
Results
- The AMI resulted in ST deviations and changes in T-wave amplitude, as expected. The maximum deviation observed in the ST segment was 1.98 mV, while the T-wave amplitude increased from 6.58 mV to 9.25 mV.
- During the reperfusion phase, the ST segment nearly returned to its baseline, indicating recovery of the heart tissue due to return of blood supply.
- The ECG changes observed after the induced heart attack were similar to those reported in other species experiencing an AMI. This conclusion suggests the potential use of a 12-lead-ECG for detection of AMIs in horses.
Implications
- This research presents a promising advancement in veterinary cardiology for horses.
- If 12-lead ECGs can effectively detect signs of AMI in horses, it can potentially improve the diagnostic process and enable quicker, more effective treatments in veterinary practice.
- Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore potential applications in a clinical setting.
Cite This Article
APA
Weis R, Carstensen H, Sattler SM, Buhl R, Hesselkilde EM.
(2022).
Electrocardiographic Changes in a Horse with Induced Myocardial Infarction.
Animals (Basel), 12(10), 1272.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12101272 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
- Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
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