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BMC veterinary research2019; 15(1); 268; doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-2011-9

Emergence of carriage of CTX-M-15 in faecal Escherichia coli in horses at an equine hospital in the UK; increasing prevalence over a decade (2008-2017).

Abstract: This study investigated changes over time in the epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli within a single equine referral hospital in the UK. Faecal samples were collected from hospitalised horses in 2008 and 2017, processed using selective media and standard susceptibility laboratory methods. A novel real-time PCR with high resolution melt analysis was used to distinguish bla and bla within CTX-M-1 group. Results: In 2008, 457 faecal samples from 103 horses were collected, with ESBL-producing E. coli identified in 131 samples (28.7, 95% CI 24.6-33.1). In 2017, 314 faecal samples were collected from 74 horses with ESBL-producing E. coli identified in 157 samples (50.0, 95% CI 44.5-55.5). There were 135 and 187 non-duplicate ESBL-producing isolates from 2008 and 2017, respectively. In 2008, 12.6% of isolates belonged to CTX-M-1 group, all carrying bla, whilst in 2017, 94.1% of isolates were CTX-M-1 group positive and of these 39.2 and 60.8% of isolates carried bla and bla, respectively. In addition, the prevalence of doxycycline, gentamicin and 3rd generation cephalosporin resistance increased significantly from 2008 to 2017 while a decreased prevalence of phenotypic resistance to potentiated sulphonamides was observed. Conclusions: The real-time PCR proved a reliable and high throughput method to distinguish between bla and bla. Furthermore, its use in this study demonstrated the emergence of faecal carriage of CTX-M-15 in hospitalised horses, with an increase in prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli as well as increased antimicrobial resistance to frequently used antimicrobials.
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Publication Date: 2019-07-29 PubMed ID: 31357996PubMed Central: PMC6664770DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2011-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explored the evolution over a decade of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia Coli in a UK-based equine hospital and the growing presence of CTX-M-15 enzyme in fecal samples. Findings indicate an increase in prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and heightened antimicrobial resistance.

Methodology

  • Stool samples were collected from horses admitted to the hospital in the years 2008 and 2017.
  • The samples underwent processing using selective media and standard susceptibility techniques in the lab.
  • A real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) combined with high resolution melt analysis was used to identify and differentiate the presence of blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-15 in the CTX-M-1 group of enzymes.

Results

  • In 2008, 457 samples were obtained from 103 horses, 131 of which tested positive for ESBL-producing E. coli.
  • In 2017, 314 samples were taken from 74 horses, 157 of which were positive for ESBL-producing E. coli.
  • The number of unique ESBL-producing samples increased from 135 in 2008 to 187 in 2017.
  • Among the ESBL-positive samples in 2008, 12.6% belonged to the CTX-M-1 group, all carrying blaCTX-M-14.
  • In 2017, however, 94.1% of the ESBL positive samples were part of the CTX-M-1 group, 39.2% of which had blaCTX-M-14 and 60.8% carried blaCTX-M-15.
  • The resistance to three commonly used antimicrobials – doxycycline, gentamicin, and 3rd generation cephalosporin- increased over this period. However, there was a decrease in phenotypic resistance to potentiated sulphonamides.

Conclusions

  • The real-time PCR was described as a reliable, high-throughput technique for distinguishing between blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-15.
  • The study was able to trace an emergence of CTX-M-15 in fecal samples of hospitalized horses.
  • There is a growing prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli, signaling increasing antimicrobial resistance as well.

Cite This Article

APA
Isgren CM, Edwards T, Pinchbeck GL, Winward E, Adams ER, Norton P, Timofte D, Maddox TW, Clegg PD, Williams NJ. (2019). Emergence of carriage of CTX-M-15 in faecal Escherichia coli in horses at an equine hospital in the UK; increasing prevalence over a decade (2008-2017). BMC Vet Res, 15(1), 268. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2011-9

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Pages: 268
PII: 268

Researcher Affiliations

Isgren, C M
  • Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, England. cisgren@liv.ac.uk.
Edwards, T
  • Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, England.
Pinchbeck, G L
  • Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, England.
Winward, E
  • Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, England.
Adams, E R
  • Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, England.
Norton, P
  • Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, England.
Timofte, D
  • Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, England.
  • Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, England.
Maddox, T W
  • Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England.
Clegg, P D
  • Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England.
Williams, N J
  • Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, England.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Drug Resistance, Bacterial
  • Escherichia coli / drug effects
  • Escherichia coli / enzymology
  • Escherichia coli / genetics
  • Escherichia coli Infections / epidemiology
  • Escherichia coli Infections / microbiology
  • Escherichia coli Infections / veterinary
  • Feces / microbiology
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horses
  • Hospitals, Animal / statistics & numerical data
  • Prevalence
  • United Kingdom / epidemiology
  • beta-Lactamases / genetics
  • beta-Lactamases / metabolism

Grant Funding

  • MC_PC_15040 / Medical Research Council
  • MC_PC_16052 / Medical Research Council
  • G2015 / The Horse Trust

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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