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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet J / Enteric coronavirus infection in adult horses.
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)2017; 231; 13-18; doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.11.004

Enteric coronavirus infection in adult horses.

Abstract: A new enteric virus of adult horses, equine coronavirus (ECoV), has recently been recognized. It is associated with fever, lethargy, anorexia, and less frequently, colic and diarrhea. This enteric virus is transmitted via the feco-oral route and horses become infected by ingesting fecally contaminated feed and water. Various outbreaks have been reported since 2010 from Japan, Europe and the USA. While the clinical signs are fairly non-specific, lymphopenia and neutropenia are often seen. Specific diagnosis is made by the detection of ECoV in feces by either quantitative real-time PCR, electron microscopy or antigen-capture ELISA. Supportive treatment is usually required, as most infections are self-limiting. However, rare complications, such as endotoxemia, septicemia and hyperammonemia-associated encephalopathy, have been reported, and have been related to the loss of barrier function at the intestinal mucosa. This review article will focus on the latest information pertaining to the virus, epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, pathology, treatment and prevention of ECoV infection in adult horses.
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2017-11-20 PubMed ID: 29429482PubMed Central: PMC7110460DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.11.004Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study informs about a recently recognized enteric virus in adult horses called equine coronavirus (ECoV) that causes symptoms like lethargy, fever, and anorexia. The research extensively focuses on the nature of the virus, its transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, potential treatment, and prevention methods.

Virus Overview and Transmission

  • In this research, an enteric virus in adult horses known as equine coronavirus (ECoV) is being discussed. It is a newly recognized virus affecting horses.
  • The ECoV virus is associated with several symptoms that include fever, lethargy, anorexia, and in some cases, colic and diarrhea.
  • The transmission of this enteric virus occurs via the feco-oral route. Horses become infected when they consume feed and water contaminated with feces.

Epidemiology

  • The paper highlights various outbreaks reported since 2010 from different geographic regions like Japan, Europe, and the USA.
  • It is important to note that the study does not limit the prevalence of the virus to these regions only, signaling a global health concern for horses.

Clinical Signs and Diagnosis

  • The ECoV virus’s clinical signs are rather non-specific, but early indications could be conditions like lymphopenia and neutropenia.
  • According to the research, the diagnosis of ECoV in horses is done by detecting the virus in feces through various methods, including quantitative real-time PCR, electron microscopy, or antigen-capture ELISA.

Treatment and Complications

  • Mostly, the ECoV infections require supportive treatment as most of these infections are self-limiting. But rare complications could arise due to infections, such as endotoxemia, septicemia, and encephalopathy linked with hyperammonemia.
  • The study stipulates that such complications often arise due to the harmful effects of the virus on the intestinal mucosa, which leads to a loss in barrier function.

Conclusion and Future Work

  • Overall, this research article offers a detailed review of all the latest information relative to the ECoV virus, including its epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, pathology, treatment, and prevention.
  • This study marks the beginning for future research aimed at reducing the prevalence of ECoV virus and enhancing the overall well-being of horses globally.

Cite This Article

APA
Pusterla N, Vin R, Leutenegger CM, Mittel LD, Divers TJ. (2017). Enteric coronavirus infection in adult horses. Vet J, 231, 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.11.004

Publication

Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)
ISSN: 1532-2971
NlmUniqueID: 9706281
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 231
Pages: 13-18
PII: S1090-0233(17)30222-8

Researcher Affiliations

Pusterla, N
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Electronic address: npusterla@ucdavis.edu.
Vin, R
  • Myhre Equine Clinic, Rochester, NH 03867, USA.
Leutenegger, C M
  • IDEXX Laboratories, West Sacramento, CA 95605, USA.
Mittel, L D
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Divers, T J
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Betacoronavirus 1 / physiology
  • Coronavirus Infections / diagnosis
  • Coronavirus Infections / epidemiology
  • Coronavirus Infections / prevention & control
  • Coronavirus Infections / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
  • Horses

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