Eosinophilic myeloproliferative disorder in a horse.
Abstract: An eosinophilic myeloproliferative disorder resulted in edema and hemorrhagic diathesis in a 10-month-old Standardbred colt. Laboratory abnormalities included severe thrombocytopenia, anemia, mild hypoproteinemia, and marked eosinophilia. Circulating eosinophils were immature or atypical with variation in granule size, disproportionate nuclear to cytoplasmic maturation, and abnormal nuclear size and shape. Bone marrow aspirate had mainly atypical eosinophil precursors, few erythroid precursors, and no megakaryocytes. A blood transfusion and dexamethasone therapy resulted in some improvement; however, the horse was euthanatized due to poor prognosis. Postmortem examination showed gastrointestinal parasitism; histologically the spleen was infiltrated by atypical eosinophils and there were sites of eosinophilopoiesis. The disease was broadly similar to idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome in people, but typical cardiac and neurologic involvement of hypereosinophilic syndrome were absent. Progressive myelophthesis and marked eosinophil atypia suggested malignancy.
Publication Date: 1984-11-01 PubMed ID: 6511643
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Summary
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A 10-month-old Standardbred colt suffered from severe symptoms related to a condition called eosinophilic myeloproliferative disorder. Despite treatments, the colt’s condition deteriorated and, assessing its grim prognosis, was put to sleep. An autopsy showed characteristics similar to hypereosinophilic syndrome in humans but manifested without typical heart and nerve complications.
Background
- The paper reports a unique case of a eosinophilic myeloproliferative disorder in a 10-month old Standardbred colt. Such disorders involve an excessive increase of white blood cells known as eosinophils.
- Myeloproliferative disorders are rare diseases, especially in equine species.
Case presentation and findings
- The colt presented with symptoms such as edema and bleeding tendencies. Lab tests revealed severe platelet deficiency, mild red blood cell deficiency, slightly below normal protein level (hypoproteinemia), and abnormally high eosinophils.
- The eosinophils in the blood showed abnormal growth characteristics such as nonuniform granule size, unequal maturity of the nucleus and cytoplasm, unusual nuclear size and shape.
- A bone marrow test showed abnormal growth of eosinophil precursors and a lack of red blood cell and large platelet precursors (megakaryocytes).
- After a blood transfusion and dexamethasone treatment, there was some improvement in the conditioner of the horse. However, due to poor prognosis, the horse had to be euthanized.
Postmortem observations
- A postmortem examination revealed parasites in the colt’s gastrointestinal tract; the spleen was infiltrated by atypical eosinophils, and there were sites of blood cell production (eosinophilopoiesis).
- The disease bore some similarities to idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome in humans, an uncommon blood disease where the body makes too many eosinophils. However, the colt did not display typical heart and neurological complications associated with the human disease.
- The findings suggested that the condition could be a malignant form of eosinophilic myeloproliferative disorder.
Cite This Article
APA
Morris DD, Bloom JC, Roby KA, Woods K, Tablin F.
(1984).
Eosinophilic myeloproliferative disorder in a horse.
J Am Vet Med Assoc, 185(9), 993-996.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Eosinophilia / complications
- Eosinophilia / etiology
- Eosinophilia / immunology
- Eosinophilia / pathology
- Eosinophilia / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Male
- Myeloproliferative Disorders / complications
- Myeloproliferative Disorders / immunology
- Myeloproliferative Disorders / pathology
- Myeloproliferative Disorders / veterinary
- Parasitic Diseases / complications
- Parasitic Diseases, Animal
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Satué K, Gardon JC, Muñoz A. A review of current knowledge of myeloproliferative disorders in the horse.. Acta Vet Scand 2021 Feb 23;63(1):8.
- Furness MC, Setlakwe E, Sallaway J, Wood D, Fromstein J, Arroyo LG. Acute myeloid leukemia with basophilic differentiation in a 3-year-old Standardbred gelding.. Can Vet J 2016 Oct;57(10):1067-1071.
- Muñoz A, Riber C, Trigo P, Castejón F. Hematopoietic neoplasias in horses: myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders.. J Equine Sci 2009;20(4):59-72.
- Bienzle D, Hughson SL, Vernau W. Acute myelomonocytic leukemia in a horse.. Can Vet J 1993 Jan;34(1):36-7.
- Duckett WM, Matthews HK. Hypereosinophilia in a horse with intestinal lymphosarcoma.. Can Vet J 1997 Nov;38(11):719-20.
- McEwen BJ. Eosinophils: a review.. Vet Res Commun 1992;16(1):11-44.
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