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Journal of virology1998; 72(11); 9291-9297; doi: 10.1128/JVI.72.11.9291-9297.1998

Equine endothelial cells support productive infection of equine infectious anemia virus.

Abstract: Previous cell infectivity studies have demonstrated that the lentivirus equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) infects tissue macrophages in vivo and in vitro. In addition, some strains of EIAV replicate to high titer in vitro in equine fibroblasts and fibroblast cell lines. Here we report a new cell type, macrovascular endothelial cells, that is infectible with EIAV. We tested the ability of EIAV to infect purified endothelial cells isolated from equine umbilical cords and renal arteries. Infectivity was detected by cell supernatant reverse transcriptase positivity, EIAV antigen positivity within individual cells, and the detection of viral RNA by in situ hybridization. Virus could rapidly spread through the endothelial cultures, and the supernatants of infected cultures contained high titers of infectious virus. There was no demonstrable cell killing in infected cultures. Three of four strains of EIAV that were tested replicated in these cultures, including MA-1, a fibroblast-tropic strain, Th.1, a macrophage-tropic strain, and WSU5, a strain that is fibroblast tropic and can cause disease. Finally, upon necropsy of a WSU5-infected horse 4 years postinfection, EIAV-positive endothelial cells were detected in outgrowths of renal artery cultures. These findings identify a new cell type that is infectible with EIAV. The role of endothelial cell infection in the course of equine infectious anemia is currently unknown, but endothelial cell infection may be involved in the edema that can be associated with infection. Furthermore, the ability of EIAV to persistently infect endothelial cultures and the presence of virus in endothelial cells from a long-term carrier suggest that this cell type can serve as a reservoir for the virus during subclinical phases of infection.
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Publication Date: 1998-10-10 PubMed ID: 9765477PubMed Central: PMC110349DOI: 10.1128/JVI.72.11.9291-9297.1998Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The article discusses equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) and its ability to infect endothelial cells — a type of cell lining the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels — in horses. This discovery could potentially reveal new facets of the disease, including how it persists in the animal during non-symptomatic phases.

Introducing a New Host for EIAV

  • The research discovered a new cell type, macrovascular endothelial cells, that is susceptible to EIAV infection.
  • Researchers tested the virus’s ability to infect purified endothelial cells, which were isolated from equine umbilical cords and renal arteries. The findings suggest that the virus can rapidly spread through these cells and persist without killing them.

Evidence of Infection

  • To verify the infection, several tests were conducted. Researchers detected infectivity through reverse transcriptase positivity in cell supernatants, EIAV antigen positivity within individual cells and detection of viral RNA via in situ hybridization.
  • The infected cultures had no visible cell death, but their supernatants contained high levels of infectious virus, demonstrating the virus’s ability to persist and reproduce within endothelial cultures.

Strains Studied

  • Three different variants of EIAV were tested on the endothelial cells, including MA-1 (a strain typically found in fibroblasts), Th.1 (a strain predominantly present in macrophages), and WSU5 (a strain found in fibroblasts and associated with disease).
  • All these strains were found to replicate within the endothelial cultures, showing a new range of cells that EIAV can cultivate within.

Possible Implications

  • The discovery of a new cell type susceptible to EIAV infection opens up potential new directions for studying the disease and its progression. Endothelial cell infection may play a role in edema, a condition often associated with infection, creating excessive fluid in tissues.
  • It was also discovered that the virus could be identified in endothelial cells in renal artery cultures from a horse infected with the WSU5 strain some four years post-infection. This finding suggests endothelial cells might act as a reservoir for the virus during the disease’s subclinical or asymptomatic phases.

Cite This Article

APA
Maury W, Oaks JL, Bradley S. (1998). Equine endothelial cells support productive infection of equine infectious anemia virus. J Virol, 72(11), 9291-9297. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.72.11.9291-9297.1998

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 0022-538X
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 72
Issue: 11
Pages: 9291-9297

Researcher Affiliations

Maury, W
  • Department of Microbiology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA. wmaury@usd.edu
Oaks, J L
    Bradley, S

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Antigens, Viral / metabolism
      • Carrier State / virology
      • Cells, Cultured
      • Edema / etiology
      • Endothelium, Vascular / cytology
      • Endothelium, Vascular / virology
      • Equine Infectious Anemia / etiology
      • Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
      • Horses
      • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
      • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / pathogenicity
      • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / physiology
      • RNA, Viral / genetics
      • RNA, Viral / metabolism
      • Renal Artery / virology
      • Umbilical Veins / cytology
      • Umbilical Veins / virology
      • Virus Replication

      Grant Funding

      • CA72063 / NCI NIH HHS
      • K11 AI01255 / NIAID NIH HHS

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      Citations

      This article has been cited 9 times.
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