Equine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis 28 years later.
Abstract: Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis (EGA) is an important tick borne disease of equines that is caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum). The etiological agent has veterinary as well as public health importance because of its zoonotic nature. A. phagocytophilum causes an acute illness in equines with loss of appetite, lethargy, hemorrhages and lameness. Clinically, EGA is diagnosed upon examination of morulae within neutrophils especially granulocytes in the blood. The best diagnostic tool for the detection of EGA is Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Previous studies suggested that EGA is a self-limiting disease and tetracycline therapy is considered as a best treatment regimen. There is no comprehensive summary on the occurrence and distribution of the infection at global level. Therefore, we intended to provide a comprehensive summary on the prevalence and epidemiology of EGA in different areas of the world. It includes mapping the global distribution of EGA in different areas of the world to identify the endemic regions which may be a source of potential disease outbreak. For this purpose, the published data from 1990 to 2018 on EGA was reviewed and collected by electronic literature search of five databases including Google, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and Web of Science.
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2018-04-04 PubMed ID: 29626656DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.001Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Review
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease control
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Management
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Prevalence
- Disease Surveillance
- Disease Treatment
- Epidemiology
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Equine Science
- Infection
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Public Health
- Tick-Borne Diseases
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
- Veterinary Science
- Zoonotic Diseases
Summary
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The research article provides a comprehensive view on equine granulocytic anaplasmosis (EGA), an important tick borne disease in horses, with a main focus on its occurrence, prevalence, and distribution globally based on literature review from 1990 to 2018.
About Equine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis (EGA)
- The paper explores EGA, a significant illness in horses brought about by the Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum) parasite, passed on by ticks.
- EGA not only affects veterinary health but can also affect human health due to its zoonotic characteristics, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans.
- The disease typically presents as an acute illness in horses, with signs such as loss of appetite, lethargy, hemorrhages, and lameness.
- EGA is commonly diagnosed through a clinical examination of the blood for morulae, particularly within neutrophils and granulocytes.
- The most effective detection tool for EGA, as stated in the paper, is the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
- Previous research pointed out that EGA is a self-limiting disease, with the tetracycline therapy deemed as the most suitable treatment regimen.
Epidemiology and Prevalence of EGA
- This study aimed to provide a thorough summary of the prevalence and epidemiology of EGA across the globe, which was identified as missing in previous research.
- The research included representation of the global distribution of EGA, aiding in pinpointing the endemic regions that may serve as a source for potential disease outbreaks.
- The study’s data derived from a comprehensive review of published materials on EGA spanning from 1990 to 2018.
- Five databases were utilized for the literature search, including Google, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Web of Science.
Cite This Article
APA
Saleem S, Ijaz M, Farooqi SH, Ghaffar A, Ali A, Iqbal K, Mehmood K, Zhang H.
(2018).
Equine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis 28 years later.
Microb Pathog, 119, 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.001 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan. Electronic address: mijaz@uvas.edu.pk.
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Electronic address: khalid.mehmood@iub.edu.pk.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. Electronic address: dahuilang@webmail.hzau.edu.cn.
MeSH Terms
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum / pathogenicity
- Anaplasmosis / drug therapy
- Anaplasmosis / epidemiology
- Anaplasmosis / microbiology
- Anaplasmosis / transmission
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
- Databases, Factual
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Transmission, Infectious
- Granulocytes / microbiology
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horse Diseases / transmission
- Horses
- Prevalence
- Tetracycline / therapeutic use
- Tick-Borne Diseases / drug therapy
- Tick-Borne Diseases / epidemiology
- Tick-Borne Diseases / transmission
- Tick-Borne Diseases / veterinary
- Ticks / microbiology
- Zoonoses / drug therapy
- Zoonoses / epidemiology
- Zoonoses / microbiology
- Zoonoses / transmission
Citations
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