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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2022; 12(19); doi: 10.3390/ani12192486

Equine Hepacivirus: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis of Serological and Biomolecular Prevalence and a Phylogenetic Update.

Abstract: Viral hepatitis has recently assumed relevance for equine veterinary medicine since a variety of new viruses have been discovered. Equine Hepacivirus (EqHV) is an RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family that can cause subclinical hepatitis in horses, occasionally evolving into a chronic disease. EqHV, to date, is considered the closest known relative of human HCV. EqHV has been reported worldwide therefore assessing its features is relevant, considering both the wide use of blood products and transfusions in veterinary therapies and its similitude to HCV. The present review resumes the actual knowledge on EqHV epidemiology, risk factors and immunology, together with potential diagnostics and good practices for prevention. Moreover, adhering to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews a meta-analysis of serological and biomolecular prevalence and an updated phylogenetic description is presented as a benchmark for further studies.
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Publication Date: 2022-09-20 PubMed ID: 36230228PubMed Central: PMC9558973DOI: 10.3390/ani12192486Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article presents a systematic review and analysis of the prevalence of Equine Hepacivirus (EqHV) and updates on its phylogeny. EqHV, an RNA virus that can cause subclinical hepatitis in horses, is found worldwide and has commonalities with human HCV. The study also elaborates on EqHV epidemiology, risk factors, immunology, and preventative practices.

Overview of Equine Hepacivirus

  • EqHV is an RNA virus, known to cause subclinical hepatitis in horses, occasionally becoming a chronic disease.
  • Given its worldwide presence, understanding its nature becomes important, particularly given its parallels with HCV (Hepatitis C) in humans.

EqHV Epidemiology and Risk Factors

  • The study seeks to summarize existing knowledge about EqHV’s epidemiology. Epidemiology is the study of how often diseases occur in different groups and why. This information helps to plan and evaluate strategies to prevent illness and as a guide to the management of patients in whom diseases have already developed.
  • Among the factors considered are the risk aspects associated with this virus. With a greater understanding of these, more effective preventative strategies can be developed.

EqHV Immunology and Prevention

  • The research also focuses on the immunological aspects of EqHV. This involves how the immune system of horses responds to an infection from this particular virus.
  • From this understanding, the research proposes possible ways that diagnostics and good preventative practices can be put in place to minimize the spread and impact of the disease.

Meta-Analysis and Phylogenetic Description

  • To offer a more comprehensive understanding, the study utilized a meta-analysis approach, summarizing and analyzing previous research studies conducted on the serological (related to blood serum) and biomolecular prevalence of EqHV.
  • Additionally, the authors offer an updated phylogenetic description. Phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relationship among various biological species. In this context, the focus is on the evolution of EqHV.
  • With this phylogenetics information and the pooled data from various sources presented as a benchmark, future studies can have a solid reference point.

Cite This Article

APA
Pacchiarotti G, Nardini R, Scicluna MT. (2022). Equine Hepacivirus: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis of Serological and Biomolecular Prevalence and a Phylogenetic Update. Animals (Basel), 12(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192486

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 19

Researcher Affiliations

Pacchiarotti, Giulia
  • National Reference Center for Equine Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy.
Nardini, Roberto
  • National Reference Center for Equine Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy.
Scicluna, Maria Teresa
  • National Reference Center for Equine Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy.

Grant Funding

  • LT1018 / Ministero della Salute

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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