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Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases1996; 19(3); 205-211; doi: 10.1016/0147-9571(96)00006-9

Equine influenza.

Abstract: A highly contagious virus infection of horses, influenza is the single most important equine respiratory disease in many countries. Two subtypes of equine influenza virus have been identified, A/equine-1 and A/equine-2, neither of which immunologically cross-reacts. In the case of A/equine-2 virus, two lineages exist, American and European, which appear to have evolved independently of one another. The acute febrile respiratory disease characteristic of influenza is frequently complicated by secondary bacterial infection, especially in unvaccinated horses. Primarily a respiratory-borne infection, influenza has been spread to a significant number of countries through the international movement of horses. Strains of A/equine-2 virus have been responsible for all known outbreaks of the disease since 1980. Simple rapid procedures are now available for the diagnosis of equine influenza. Prevention and control of influenza is based on frequent use of inactivated, adjuvanted vaccines, which confer only incomplete and short-term protection against this disease. To be maximally effective, vaccines need to be periodically updated and include influenza virus strains closely related to those in current circulation.
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Publication Date: 1996-06-01 PubMed ID: 8800546DOI: 10.1016/0147-9571(96)00006-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is primarily about equine influenza – a highly infectious virus that affects horses, and is of notable importance due to its impacts in the equine respiratory disease arena worldwide. It further explores two distinct subtypes of the virus and their lack of cross-reactivity, as well as delves into the practices for prevention, control, and diagnosis of the disease.

Understanding Equine Influenza

  • This study explores equine influenza, a highly infectious viral disease that primarily affects horses and is considered a significant respiratory disease in many countries.
  • The disease is characterized by acute febrile respiratory conditions, which is often complicated by secondary bacterial infections, especially in the case of unvaccinated horses.
  • The disease is primarily transmitted through respiratory routes, but international movements of horses have led to its spread to various counties around the globe.

Subtypes of Equine Influenza

  • Two primary subtypes of equine influenza virus have been identified: A/equine-1 and A/equine-2. These subtypes do not cross-react immunologically – that is, they don’t mutually respond to prevent infection.
  • Within the A/equine-2 virus, there are two genetically distinct lineages, possibly due to different evolutionary pathways – American and European. These subtypes have been responsible for all known outbreaks since 1980.

Diagnosing Equine Influenza

  • The researchers mention that simple, quick procedures for diagnosing equine influenza are now available, making detection and subsequent treatment more efficient.

Prevention and Control of Equine Influenza

  • The article underscores the importance of vaccination in the control and prevention of equine influenza. Inactivated, adjuvanted vaccines are commonly used but they only provide incomplete and short-term protection.
  • Thus, for vaccines to be maximally effective, they need to be updated periodically and include strains closely related to those currently in circulation. This suggests a need for constant research and vigilance to stay ahead of the swiftly changing virus.

Cite This Article

APA
Timoney PJ. (1996). Equine influenza. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 19(3), 205-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-9571(96)00006-9

Publication

Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases
ISSN: 0147-9571
NlmUniqueID: 7808924
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 19
Issue: 3
Pages: 205-211

Researcher Affiliations

Timoney, P J
  • Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0099, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Influenza A virus
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / diagnosis
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology

Citations

This article has been cited 30 times.
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