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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Med (Auckl) / Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: current perspe...
Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2015; 6; 293-300; doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S74191

Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: current perspectives on diagnosis and management.

Abstract: Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is a neurodegenerative disease of the hypothalamus, resulting in the loss of dopaminergic inhibition of pars intermedia. An oxidative stress injury of unknown etiology has been suggested to initiate the neurodegeneration. While hypertrichosis (formerly known as hirsutism) is considered pathognomic for advanced disease, the antemortem diagnosis of subclinical and early disease has continued to prove difficult. Numerous tests have been used with varying sensitivities and specificities. The overnight dexamethasone suppression test, originally documented to have 100% sensitivity and specificity in horses with advanced disease, has proven to be less valuable in identifying early disease. Basal plasma adrenocorticotropin concentrations have improved sensitivity and specificity when sampled during the autumn months, and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, while not yet commercially available, shows promise as a sensitive and specific single sample test. Recent advances in our knowledge include the strong association between laminitis and hyperinsulinemia, both common clinical signs associated with PPID. The pathogenesis of hyperinsulinemia, laminitis, and their association with this disease is a focus of current research. The dopamine agonist pergolide mesylate is still the mainstay of medical management, with studies on oral bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and long-term survival rates now published.
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Publication Date: 2015-08-20 PubMed ID: 30101114PubMed Central: PMC6067528DOI: 10.2147/VMRR.S74191Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is about Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), a neurodegenerative disease in horses, focusing on the difficulties with diagnosing it in the early stages, developments in testing methods, and the current strategies for its management.

Introduction to Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID)

  • PPID is a neurodegenerative disease in horses caused by damage to the hypothalamus. This damage results in lost inhibition of the pars intermedia, part of the pituitary gland.
  • The article suggests an oxidative stress injury as a possible trigger for this disease, although the root cause is still unknown.
  • The advanced stage of PPID is usually identified by hypertrichosis (formerly known as hirsutism), but diagnosing subclinical (asymptomatic) and early stages of the disease is still challenging.

Diagnosis of PPID

  • The research highlights various tests applied for diagnosing PPID, each with different levels of sensitivity and specificity.
  • The overnight dexamethasone suppression test, although initially considered as very effective in identifying advanced stages of PPID, is not as useful for early PPID detection.
  • Baseline plasma adrenocorticotropin levels show improved diagnostic sensitivity and specificity when samples are taken during autumn.
  • A promising new test using α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone seems to be sensitive and specific, although it’s not yet commercially available.

Association between PPID, laminitis, and hyperinsulinemia

  • The article highlights a strong link between PPID, laminitis (a serious disease that affects a horse’s feet), and hyperinsulinemia (excessive levels of insulin in the blood).
  • The shared presence of hyperinsulinemia and laminitis in horses with PPID has become an important focus area in current research studies.

PPID Management

  • The dopamine agonist pergolide mesylate is currently the primary treatment for PPID.
  • Studies have now been conducted on pergolide mesylate’s oral ingestion rate, how it’s processed in the body (pharmacokinetics), and the long-term survival rates of horses receiving this treatment.

Cite This Article

APA
Spelta CW. (2015). Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: current perspectives on diagnosis and management. Vet Med (Auckl), 6, 293-300. https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S74191

Publication

Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
ISSN: 2230-2034
NlmUniqueID: 101724251
Country: New Zealand
Language: English
Volume: 6
Pages: 293-300

Researcher Affiliations

Spelta, Caroline W
  • Townsville Vet Clinic, Townsville, QLD, Australia, caroline@townsvillevetclinic.com.au.

Conflict of Interest Statement

Disclosure The author reports no conflicts of interest in this work.

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Citations

This article has been cited 7 times.
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