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Translational animal science2020; 4(2); txaa006; doi: 10.1093/tas/txaa006

Evaluation of dietary trace mineral supplementation in young horses challenged with intra-articular lipopolysaccharide.

Abstract: Sixteen weanling Quarter Horses (255 ± 22 kg) were utilized in a 56-d trial to evaluate the effects of trace mineral (TM) source on intra-articular inflammation following a single acute inflammatory insult. Horses were stratified by age, sex, and BW and then randomly assigned to dietary treatment: concentrate formulated with Zn, Mn, Cu, and Co as inorganic sources (CON; n = 8) or complexed TMs (CTM; n = 8). Added TM were formulated at iso-levels across treatments and intakes met or exceeded NRC requirements. Horses were offered 1.75% BW (as-fed) of treatment concentrate and 0.75% BW (as-fed) coastal Bermudagrass hay. Growth measurements were collected on days 0, 28, and 56, and plasma was collected biweekly for determination of Mn, Cu, Zn, and Co concentrations. On day 42, carpal joints were randomly assigned to receive injections of 0.5 ng lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or sterile lactated Ringer's solution (LRS; contralateral control). Synovial fluid was collected at preinjection hours (PIH) 0, and 6, 12, 24, 168, and 336 h post-injection and analyzed for TM concentration, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), carboxypeptide of type II collagen (CPII), collagenase cleavage neopeptide (C2C), and aggrecan chondroitin sulfate 846 epitope (CS846). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Results showed a TM source × LPS × h effect for synovial fluid Co, Cu, and Se (P < 0.05); concentrations of TM peaked at hour 6 and decreased to preinjection values by hour 168 in both CON and CTM-LPS knees. A delayed peak was observed at hour 12 for CTM-LRS. Peak synovial fluid Cu and Se concentrations were higher in LPS knees, and Co was highest in CTM-LPS. A TM source × h interaction was observed for Zn (P < 0.05); concentrations peaked at hour 6 in CON vs. hour 12 for CTM. An LPS × h interaction was observed for Mn (P < 0.01); synovial concentration peaked at hour 6 in LPS knees compared with hour 24 in LRS. Synovial PGE2, C2C, CPII, and CS846 concentrations were greater with LPS (P ≤ 0.01), and C2C was greater (P < 0.01) in CTM compared with CON. Concentrations of CPII and PGE2 were unaffected by diet. A TM source × h × LPS interaction was observed for CS846 (P = 0.02). Concentrations of CS846 in CTM peaked at 12 h, whereas CON peaked at a lower concentration at 24 h (P < 0.05). Data indicate sufficient intake of a complexed TM source may support cartilage metabolism through increased aggrecan synthesis and type II collagen breakdown following an intra-articular LPS challenge in growing horses.
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science.
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Publication Date: 2020-01-17 PubMed ID: 32705007PubMed Central: PMC7001113DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa006Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates the effect of dietary trace mineral (TM) supplementation on young horses subjected to a single inflammatory stimulus. This study is critical as it helps understand how TM can support cartilage metabolism, healing, and growth.

Experimental Methodology

  • The study involved sixteen weanling Quarter Horses, each weighing about 255 ± 22 kg. These horses were part of a 56-day trial designed to examine the influence of TM source on intra-articular inflammation following an acute inflammatory insult.
  • Horses were divided by age, sex, and body weight (BW) and then randomly assigned to a dietary treatment. The treatments contained Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), and Cobalt (Co), either as inorganic sources (CON) or as complexed TMs (CTM).
  • The researchers implemented dietary control for all the horses. They were fed a diet of a treatment concentrate and coastal Bermudagrass hay which met or exceeded NRC requirements.
  • On the 42nd day, the researchers injected carpal joints with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or sterile lactated Ringer’s solution (LRS; contralateral control). Synovial fluid was collected at different time points following the injection and analyzed for TM concentration, prostaglandin E (PGE), carboxypeptide of type II collagen (CPII), collagenase cleavage neopeptide (C2C), and aggrecan chondroitin sulfate 846 epitope (CS846).

Findings of the Study

  • The study found that trace minerals peaked at the 6th hour after the LPS injection and reduced to preinjection values by the 168th hour in both the CON and CTM-LPS knee groups. In the CTM-Lactated Ringer’s Solution group, the peak in minerals was delayed until the 12th hour.
  • A more significant increase in synovial fluid Cu and Se concentrations were observed in the LPS-injected knees, and Co was highest in the CTM-LPS group.
  • For Zn, the peak concentration occurred at the 6th hour in CON, while it was delayed till the 12th hour in CTM.
  • When observing Mn, the peak synovial concentration occurred at the 6th hour in LPS knees compared to the 24th hour in LRS.
  • Higher Synovial PGE, C2C, CPII, and CS846 concentrations were observed with LPS, and C2C was higher in CTM compared with CON. The CPII and PGE concentrations, however, were unaffected by diet.
  • Finally, a significant interaction was detected for CS846. In the CTM group, concentrations of CS846 peaked at 12 hours, whereas in the CON group, the peak was at 24 hours but at a lower concentration.

Conclusion

Based on the observations, the researchers concluded that an adequate intake of a complexed trace mineral source could support cartilage metabolism — particularly increases in aggrecan synthesis and type II collagen breakdown — after an intra-articular LPS challenge in growing horses. This finding holds significant implications for horse healthcare and diet planning, especially in managing inflammation and maintaining cartilage health.

Cite This Article

APA
Millican AA, Leatherwood JL, Coverdale JA, Arnold CE, Bradbery AN, Larson CK, Lamprecht ED, White SH, Paulk CB, Welsh TH, Wickersham TA. (2020). Evaluation of dietary trace mineral supplementation in young horses challenged with intra-articular lipopolysaccharide. Transl Anim Sci, 4(2), txaa006. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaa006

Publication

Translational animal science
ISSN: 2573-2102
NlmUniqueID: 101738705
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 4
Issue: 2
Pages: txaa006

Researcher Affiliations

Millican, Allison A
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
Leatherwood, Jessica L
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
Coverdale, Josie A
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
Arnold, Carolyn E
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
Bradbery, Amanda N
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
Larson, Connie K
  • Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN.
Lamprecht, Emily D
  • Cargill Animal Nutrition, Elk River, MN.
White, Sarah H
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
Paulk, Chad B
  • Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
Welsh, Thomas H
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.
Wickersham, Tryon A
  • Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Latham CM, Dickson EC, Owen RN, Larson CK, White-Springer SH. Complexed trace mineral supplementation alters antioxidant activities and expression in response to trailer stress in yearling horses in training. Sci Rep 2021 Apr 1;11(1):7352.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86478-7pubmed: 33795725google scholar: lookup
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