FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Frontiers in veterinary science2025; 11; 1403794; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1403794

Evaluation of equine perineural anesthesia simulators with integrated success control for veterinary education.

Abstract: The skills necessary to perform diagnostic perineural anesthesia in equids belongs to one of the Day One Competences of a veterinarian, so every veterinary graduate should be able to perform them correctly. For logistical, hygienic and ethical reasons, practical exercises on cadaver limbs are not accessible to all students. Two equine distal limb simulators were developed and evaluated as an additional instructional tool to train the required skills. Both simulators were designed and built with an integrated success control, with Simulator I (S1) designed to be a simplified anatomical model and Simulator II (S2), a more realistic model. The simulators were tested by 68 students in the 5 year who were divided into two groups. Thirty-four students received a training session using the simplified anatomical model (S1) and the other 34 students one on cadaver limbs, the usual instructional tool. The practical learning success of both groups was validated using S2. Additionally, data on self-efficacy were collected. The results show that the two groups did not differ significantly in their practical learning success, whereas self-efficacy of both groups increased significantly after the sessions. An evaluation performed by 7 veterinarians and 49 students of the 5 year indicate that the simulators are suitable for teaching perineural anesthesia in the equine distal limb. However, S2 could be more realistic. The simulators will be used as a supplement to exercises on cadaver limbs to enable all students to practice perineural anesthesia.
Copyright © 2025 Chodzinski, Wissing, Tipold and Geburek.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2025-01-09 PubMed ID: 39850585PubMed Central: PMC11754189DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1403794Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study assesses the effectiveness of two equine perineural anesthesia simulators, designed as educational tools for veterinary students. Findings reveal students trained with the simulators were as successful in performing anesthesia as those trained using cadaver limbs, supporting the use of these simulators in teaching.

Objective and Rationale

  • The paper seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of two different equine perineural anesthesia simulators (S1 and S2), designed as educational tools for veterinary students to learn and practice perineural anesthesia.
  • Perineural anesthesia skills are fundamental for prospective veterinarians. Yet, due to logistical, hygienic, and ethical reasons, practical exercises using real equine legs are not always possible. Hence, these simulators aim for an alternative instructional tool catering to these challenges.

Research Methodology

  • Two types of simulators were developed: Simulator I (S1) is a simplified anatomical model, while Simulator II (S2) is a more realistic model.
  • The effectiveness of these simulators was evaluated by involving 68 fifth-year veterinary students. These students were evenly split into two groups: one used the simplified anatomical S1 simulator, and the other used real cadaver limbs for practice.
  • The practical learning success was evaluated based on the students’ performance using the more realistic S2 simulator.
  • Self-efficacy data were also collected to examine how competent the students felt after using the simulators or cadaver limbs.

Findings and Analysis

  • The practical learning success was not significantly different between the groups using the S1 simulator and cadaver limbs, indicating that the S1 simulator was an effective tool for teaching.
  • Self-efficacy of both groups improved significantly after the training sessions, demonstrating the simulations’ contribution to the students’ confidence.
  • Feedback from seven veterinarians and 49 fifth-year students suggested that the simulators were beneficial for teaching perineural anesthesia in the equine distal limb. However, the feedback also suggested that S2 could be made more realistic.

Conclusion and Implementation

  • The research concludes that the simulators are effective educational tools that enable all students to practice perineural anesthesia. As such, the simulators will be implemented as a supplement to exercises on cadaver limbs.
  • Improvements will also be made to make S2 more realistic, fulfilling the feedback received from the participating veterinarians and students.

Cite This Article

APA
Chodzinski A, Wissing S, Tipold A, Geburek F. (2025). Evaluation of equine perineural anesthesia simulators with integrated success control for veterinary education. Front Vet Sci, 11, 1403794. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1403794

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Pages: 1403794
PII: 1403794

Researcher Affiliations

Chodzinski, Anna
  • Centre for E-Learning, Didactics and Educational Research, Clinical Skills Lab, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
Wissing, Sandra
  • Centre for E-Learning, Didactics and Educational Research, Clinical Skills Lab, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
Tipold, Andrea
  • Clinic for Small Animals, Department of Neurology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
Geburek, Florian
  • Clinic for Horses, Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.

References

This article includes 43 references
  1. Bassage L, Ross MW. Diagnostic analgesia. In: Ross MW, Dyson SJ, editors. Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse. 2nd ed. Saint Louis: W.B. Saunders; (2011). p. 100–35.
    doi: 10.1016/B978-1-4160-6069-7.00010-9google scholar: lookup
  2. Schumacher J, Schramme M. Diagnostic and regional surgical anesthesia of the limbs and axial skeleton. In: Auer JA, Stick JA, Kümmerle JM, Prange T, editors. Equine Surgery (Fifth Edition). W.B. Saunders (2019). p. 1220–43.
    doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-48420-6.00073-9google scholar: lookup
  3. Baxter GM, Stashak TS, Keegan KG. Examination for lameness. In: Baxter GM, editor. Adams and Stashak's Lameness in Horses (Seventh Edition). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; (2020). p. 67–188.
    doi: 10.1002/9781119276715.ch2google scholar: lookup
  4. EAEVE. European Association of Establishments for Veterinary Education. List of Subjects and Day One Competences (2019). .
  5. Schmotzer WB, Timm KI. Local anesthetic techniques for diagnosis of lameness. Veter Clin North Am (1990) 6:705–28.
    doi: 10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30539-4pubmed: 2282556google scholar: lookup
  6. Ehrich R. Untersuchungen zum Erlernen der endoskopischen Untersuchung der oberen Atemwege beim Pferd (Dissertation). Hannover: University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation; (2021).
  7. Giese H, Ehlers JP, Gundelach Y, Geuenich K, Dilly M. Effects of different training methods for palpation per rectum of internal genital organs on learning success and self-evaluation of students. Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift (2016) 129:216–24.
    doi: 10.2376/0005-9366-129-15107pubmed: 27344914google scholar: lookup
  8. Gunning P, Smith A, Fox V, Bolt D, Lowe J, Sinclair C. Development and validation of an equine nerve block simulator to supplement practical skills training in undergraduate veterinary students. Vet Record (2013) 172:450.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.101335pubmed: 23486507google scholar: lookup
  9. Reznick RK, MacRae H. Teaching surgical skills—changes in the wind. New Engl J Med (2006) 355:2664–9.
    doi: 10.1056/NEJMra054785pubmed: 17182991google scholar: lookup
  10. Barry Issenberg S, Mcgaghie WC, Petrusa ER, Lee Gordon D, Scalese RJ. Features and uses of high-fidelity medical simulations that lead to effective learning: a beme systematic review. Med Teach (2005) 27:10–28.
    doi: 10.1080/01421590500046924pubmed: 16147767google scholar: lookup
  11. Brombacher-Steiert S, Gundelach Y, Heppelmann M, Debertolis L, Tipold A, Wissing S. Entwicklung und Evaluierung eines Simulators für das Training der ultraschallgestützten transrektalen gynäkologischen Untersuchung des Rindes. Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift (2021) 134:1–17.
    doi: 10.2376/1439-0299-2021-6pubmed: 0google scholar: lookup
  12. Goldenberg D, Andrusyszyn M-A, Iwasiw C. The effect of classroom simulation on nursing students' self-efficacy related to health teaching. J Nurs Educ (2005) 44:310–4.
    doi: 10.3928/01484834-20050701-04pubmed: 16094789google scholar: lookup
  13. Jayaraman V, Feeney JM, Brautigam RT, Burns KJ, Jacobs LM. The use of simulation procedural training to improve self-efficacy, knowledge, and skill to perform cricothyroidotomy. Am Surg (2014) 80:377–81.
    doi: 10.1177/000313481408000420pubmed: 24887669google scholar: lookup
  14. Bandura A. Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educ Psychol (1993) 28:117–48.
    doi: 10.1207/s15326985ep2802_3google scholar: lookup
  15. Bouffard-Bouchard T. Influence of self-efficacy on performance in a cognitive task. J Soc Psychol (1990) 130:353–63.
    doi: 10.1080/00224545.1990.9924591google scholar: lookup
  16. Giese H, Dilly M, Gundelach Y, Hoffmann G, Schmicke M. Influence of transrectal palpation training on cortisol levels and heart rate variability in cows. Theriogenology (2018) 119:238–44.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.07.016pubmed: 30056320google scholar: lookup
  17. Mahmood T, Darzi A. The learning curve for a colonoscopy simulator in the absence of any feedback: no feedback, no learning. Surg Endosc Other Int Techniq (2004) 18:1224–30.
    doi: 10.1007/s00464-003-9143-4pubmed: 15457382google scholar: lookup
  18. Holsim. Equine Distal Limb Nerve Block (2019). .
  19. Ross MW. Lameness in horses: basic facts before starting. In: Ross MW, Dyson SJ, editors. Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse. 2nd ed. Saint Louis: W.B. Saunders; (2011). p. 3–8.
    doi: 10.1016/B978-1-4160-6069-7.00002-Xgoogle scholar: lookup
  20. Adams OR. Veterinary Notes on Lameness and Shoeing of Horses. Fort Collins, Colorado: Colorado State University. (1957).
  21. Langfeldt N, Hertsch B. Statistische Auswertung allgemeiner, klinischer und röntgenologischer Parameter bei der Strahlbeinerkrankung des Pferdes-Bedeutung der Anästhesie des Ramus pulvinus. Pferdeheilkunde. (1988) 4:253–7.
  22. Edinger J. Orthopädische Untersuchung der Gliedmaßen und der Wirbelsäule. In: H. Wissdorf, H. Gerhards, B. Huskamp, E. Deegen, editors. Praxisorientierte Anatomie und Propädeutik des Pferdes. 3 ed. Hannover: M. & H. Schaper GmbH (2010). p. 890–926.
  23. Stanek C, Girtler D. Diagnostische Leitungsanästhesien an der Vorderextremität des Pferdes: ein Vorschlag zur Standardisierung. Pferdeheilkunde (2002) 18:617–21.
    doi: 10.21836/PEM20020618google scholar: lookup
  24. Rock M. Zufallsgenerator - Gruppen bilden (2024). .
  25. Berendes S. Untersuchung der elektronischen objektiv-strukturierten klinischen Prüfungen (eOsces) im Clinical Skills Lab der Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover (Dissertation: ). Hannover: Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover (2023).
  26. Martinsen S, Jukes N. Ethically sourced animal cadavers and tissue: considerations for education and training. In: Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (2007).
    pubmed: 0
  27. Rijkenhuizen A. Diagnostic anesthesia in the front limb of the horse. Pferdeheilkunde (2001) 17:330–8.
    doi: 10.21836/PEM20010403google scholar: lookup
  28. Michels NR, Vanhomwegen E. An educational study to investigate the efficacy of three training methods for infiltration techniques on self-efficacy and skills of trainees in general practice. BMC Fam Pract (2019) 20:133.
    doi: 10.1186/s12875-019-1023-7pmc: PMC6744665pubmed: 31521131google scholar: lookup
  29. Takayesu JK, Peak D, Stearns D. Cadaver-based training is superior to simulation training for cricothyrotomy and tube thoracostomy. Intern Emerg Med (2017) 12:99–102.
    doi: 10.1007/s11739-016-1439-1pubmed: 27021389google scholar: lookup
  30. Anastakis DJ, Regehr G, Reznick RK, Cusimano M, Murnaghan J, Brown M. Assessment of technical skills transfer from the bench training model to the human model. Am J Surg (1999) 177:167–70.
    doi: 10.1016/S0002-9610(98)00327-4pubmed: 10204564google scholar: lookup
  31. Griffon DJ, Cronin P, Kirby B, Cottrell DF. Evaluation of a hemostasis model for teaching ovariohysterectomy in veterinary surgery. Vet Surg (2000) 29:309–16.
    doi: 10.1053/jvet.2000.7541pubmed: 10917280google scholar: lookup
  32. Al Fayyadh MJ, Hassan RA, Tran ZK, Kempenich JW, Bunegin L, Dent DL. Immediate auditory feedback is superior to other types of feedback for basic surgical skills acquisition. J Surg Educ (2017) 74:e55–61.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2017.08.005pubmed: 28865902google scholar: lookup
  33. Epstein ML, Lazarus AD, Calvano TB, Matthews KA, Hendel RA, Epstein BB. Immediate feedback assessment technique promotes learning and corrects inaccurate first responses. Psychol Rec (2002) 52:187–201.
    doi: 10.1007/BF03395423google scholar: lookup
  34. Samia H, Khan S, Lawrence J, Delaney CP. Simulation and its role in training. Clin Colon Rectal Surg (2013) 26:047–55.
    doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1333661pmc: PMC3699140pubmed: 24436648google scholar: lookup
  35. Maran NJ, Glavin RJ. Low-to high-fidelity simulation–a continuum of medical education?. Med Educ (2003) 37:22–8.
    doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2923.37.s1.9.xpubmed: 14641635google scholar: lookup
  36. Grober ED, Hamstra SJ, Wanzel KR, Reznick RK, Matsumoto ED, Sidhu RS. The educational impact of bench model fidelity on the acquisition of technical skill: the use of clinically relevant outcome measures. Ann Surg (2004) 240:374.
    doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000133346.07434.30pmc: PMC1356416pubmed: 15273564google scholar: lookup
  37. Dodge LE, Hacker MR, Averbach SH, Voit SF, Paul ME. Assessment of a high-fidelity mobile simulator for intrauterine contraception training in ambulatory reproductive health centres. J Eur CME (2016) 5:30416.
    doi: 10.3402/jecme.v5.30416pmc: PMC5843069pubmed: 29644120google scholar: lookup
  38. Adams AJ, Wasson EA, Admire JR, Gomez PP, Babayeuski RA, Sako EY. Comparison of teaching modalities and fidelity of simulation levels in teaching resuscitation scenarios. J Surg Educ (2015) 72:778–85.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2015.04.011pubmed: 26002536google scholar: lookup
  39. Kim J, Park J-H, Shin S. Effectiveness of simulation-based nursing education depending on fidelity: a meta-analysis. BMC Med Educ (2016) 16:1–8.
    doi: 10.1186/s12909-016-0672-7pmc: PMC4877810pubmed: 27215280google scholar: lookup
  40. Lee KHK, Grantham H, Boyd R. Comparison of high-and low-fidelity mannequins for clinical performance assessment. Emerg Med Austral (2008) 20:508–14.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1742-6723.2008.01137.xpubmed: 19125830google scholar: lookup
  41. Lefor AK, Harada K, Kawahira H, Mitsuishi M. The effect of simulator fidelity on procedure skill training: a literature review. Int J Med Educ (2020) 11:97.
    doi: 10.5116/ijme.5ea6.ae73pmc: PMC7246118pubmed: 32425176google scholar: lookup
  42. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev (1977) 84:191.
    doi: 10.1037//0033-295X.84.2.191pubmed: 847061google scholar: lookup
  43. Klassen RM, Klassen JR. Self-efficacy beliefs of medical students: a critical review. Perspect Med Educ (2018) 7:76–82.
    doi: 10.1007/S40037-018-0411-3pmc: PMC5889382pubmed: 29484552google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 0 times.
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,928 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.