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Home / Equine Research Bank / Braz J Microbiol / Evolution of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) during a Brazil...
Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]2017; 49(2); 336-346; doi: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.07.003

Evolution of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) during a Brazilian outbreak, 2015.

Abstract: Equine influenza is one of the major respiratory infectious diseases in horses. An equine influenza virus outbreak was identified in vaccinated and unvaccinated horses in a veterinary school hospital in São Paulo, SP, Brazil, in September 2015. The twelve equine influenza viruses isolated belonged to Florida Clade 1. The hemagglutinin and neuraminidase amino acid sequences were compared with the recent isolates from North and South America and the World Organisation for Animal Health recommended Florida Clade 1 vaccine strain. The hemagglutinin amino acid sequences had nine substitutions, compared with the vaccine strain. Two of them were in antigenic site A (A138S and G142R), one in antigenic site E (R62K) and another not in antigenic site (K304E). The four substitutions changed the hydrophobicity of hemagglutinin. Three distinct genetic variants were identified during the outbreak. Eleven variants were found in four quasispecies, which suggests the equine influenza virus evolved during the outbreak. The use of an out of date vaccine strain or updated vaccines without the production of protective antibody titers might be the major contributing factors on virus dissemination during this outbreak.
Copyright © 2017 Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2017-10-13 PubMed ID: 29100932PubMed Central: PMC5913825DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.07.003Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study, “Evolution of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) during a Brazilian outbreak, 2015,” analyses a major respiratory infection in horses called equine influenza that occurred in Brazil in 2015. The researchers discovered that the virus evolved throughout the outbreak, which was possibly exacerbated by the use of outdated vaccine strains.

Overview of Research

  • The research paper examines an outbreak of equine influenza virus (EIV) that hit a veterinary school in São Paulo, SP, Brazil, in September 2015. With both vaccinated and unvaccinated horses affected, the study aims at investigating why the infection managed to spread despite vaccination efforts.
  • The twelve equine influenza viruses isolated during the outbreak were found to belong to Florida Clade 1, a specific strain of the virus.

Findings of the Study

  • The researchers undertook a detailed analysis of the amino acid sequences in the virus samples collected during the outbreak.
  • When these sequences were compared with recent isolates from North and South America, and the World Organisation for Animal Health’s recommended Florida Clade 1 vaccine strain, nine substitutions in hemagglutinin amino acid sequences were noticed.
  • Of these substitutions, two were located in antigenic site A, one in antigenic site E, and another outside of any recognized antigenic site.
  • These substitutions led to a change in the hydrophobicity of hemagglutinin, a critical component of the virus.
  • The researchers further identified three distinct genetic variants of the virus during the outbreak, revealing that the EIV evolved throughout the course of the outbreak.
  • Additionally, eleven more variants were found within four quasispecies, substantiating the hypothesis of the virus’s evolution.

Conclusions and Implications

  • The study concludes that the use of an outdated vaccine strain may have failed to produce the required protective antibody titers, thereby contributing to the propagation of the virus.
  • Furthermore, even updated vaccines could have been ineffective if they did not induce the production of adequate protective antibodies.
  • This research has significant implications for the control of equine influenza, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring and updating of vaccine strains to match the evolving virus.

Cite This Article

APA
Favaro PF, Fernandes WR, Reischak D, Brandão PE, Silva SOS, Richtzenhain LJ. (2017). Evolution of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) during a Brazilian outbreak, 2015. Braz J Microbiol, 49(2), 336-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2017.07.003

Publication

Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]
ISSN: 1678-4405
NlmUniqueID: 101095924
Country: Brazil
Language: English
Volume: 49
Issue: 2
Pages: 336-346
PII: S1517-8382(16)31368-5

Researcher Affiliations

Favaro, Patricia Filippsen
  • Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: patriciafilippsen@gmail.com.
Fernandes, Wilson Roberto
  • Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Reischak, Dilmara
  • Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Brandão, Paulo Eduardo
  • Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Silva, Sheila Oliveira de Souza
  • Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Richtzenhain, Leonardo José
  • Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

MeSH Terms

  • Amino Acid Substitution
  • Animals
  • Brazil / epidemiology
  • Disease Outbreaks
  • Evolution, Molecular
  • Genetic Variation
  • Genotype
  • Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / genetics
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Hospitals, Animal
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / classification
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / genetics
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / isolation & purification
  • Neuraminidase / genetics
  • Orthomyxoviridae
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA
  • Viral Proteins / genetics

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Citations

This article has been cited 12 times.
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