Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in the horses: results of a detailed clinical, post mortem and imaging study. VII. Ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy in horses with EIPH.
Abstract: Detailed post mortem examination of the lungs of horses with exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) has demonstrated significant small airway disease and intense bronchial arterial proliferation in the dorsocaudal lungfields. The purpose of this study was to investigate ventilation and perfusion distribution in the lungs of a similar group of horses to compare changes in the live animal with the previously reported post mortem findings. Thoracic radiography and ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy were performed on five racing Thoroughbreds with recent histories of EIPH. Parametric images of V/Q ratios for left and right lungfields were also generated from the scan images. In all horses, ventilation and perfusion deficits were demonstrated in the dorsocaudal areas of the lung corresponding closely to the observed radiographic lesions. In particular, the perfusion images and V/Q ratio displays indicated that, in affected areas of lung, pulmonary arterial perfusion was the more seriously impaired. This finding appears to confirm the post mortem evidence of reduced pulmonary arterial perfusion and bronchial arterial dominance in these areas. Ventilation deficits in the same areas also confirmed the likelihood of partial airway obstruction consistent with the small airway disease noted in previous post mortem observations. These results suggest that the vascular and airway lesions demonstrated in detailed post mortems of horses with EIPH are also functionally important in affected horses, even at rest. As a consequence of the apparent persistent, insidious and progressive nature of the lesions associated with EIPH there are serious long term implications for management of the condition.
Publication Date: 1987-09-01 PubMed ID: 3678185DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1987.tb02635.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article investigates the correlation between observed symptoms in living horses with exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) and the findings from post mortem examinations. By using thoracic radiography and ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy, the study found that ventilation and perfusion deficiencies in the lungs and arterial issues within the affected horses align closely with evidence uncovered during post mortem examinations.
Methods and Participants
- The study involved a detailed clinical, post mortem and imaging examination on five live racing Thoroughbred horses with recent histories of EIPH.
- Both thoracic radiography and ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy (V/Q) were utilized as the primary methods for live scans and imaging.
- Using these techniques, images of Ventilation/Perfusion ratios for both the left and right lungfields were generated and used for further analysis.
Key Findings
- In all assessed horses, clear ventilatory and perfusion deficits were discovered specifically in the dorsocaudal areas of the lung. These findings had a strong correlation to previously observed radiographic lesions from post mortem assessments.
- In the affected lung areas, pulmonary arterial perfusion was more severely impaired. This finding is consistent with post mortem evidence of reduced pulmonary arterial perfusion and bronchial arterial dominance in these same areas.
- Ventilation deficits in these same regions also suggested a high probability of partial airway obstruction, which is in line with the small airway disease noted during previous post mortem observations.
Implications and Conclusions
- The study suggests that the vascular and airway lesions revealed during detailed post mortem examinations of horses with EIPH also have functional implications even when the horses are at rest.
- The long-term impact of EIPH appears to be severe due to the chronic, insidious, and progressive nature of lung and airway lesions associated with the condition. This affects the management of EIPH in horses, suggesting a need for strategic interventions to mitigate the issue.
Cite This Article
APA
O'Callaghan MW, Hornof WJ, Fisher PE, Pascoe JR.
(1987).
Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in the horses: results of a detailed clinical, post mortem and imaging study. VII. Ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy in horses with EIPH.
Equine Vet J, 19(5), 423-427.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1987.tb02635.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Female
- Hemorrhage / diagnostic imaging
- Hemorrhage / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / diagnostic imaging
- Horses
- Lung / diagnostic imaging
- Lung Diseases / diagnostic imaging
- Lung Diseases / veterinary
- Male
- Physical Exertion
- Radionuclide Imaging
- Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Doucet MY, Viel L. Clinical, radiographic, endoscopic, bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy findings in horses with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. Can Vet J 2002 Mar;43(3):195-202.
- Johnstone IB, Viel L, Crane S, Whiting T. Hemostatic studies in racing standardbred horses with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. Hemostatic parameters at rest and after moderate exercise. Can J Vet Res 1991 Apr;55(2):101-6.
- Willoughby RA, Ecker GL, McKee SL, Riddolls LJ. Use of scintigraphy for the determination of mucociliary clearance rates in normal, sedated, diseased and exercised horses. Can J Vet Res 1991 Oct;55(4):315-20.
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