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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2024; 14(16); 2420; doi: 10.3390/ani14162420

Exploring the Genetic Landscape of Vitiligo in the Pura Raza Español Horse: A Genomic Perspective.

Abstract: Vitiligo is a depigmentation autoimmune disorder characterized by the progressive loss of melanocytes leading to the appearance of patchy depigmentation of the skin. The presence of vitiligo in horses is greater in those with grey coats. The aim of this study was therefore to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genomic regions and putative candidate loci associated with vitiligo depigmentation and susceptibility in the Pura Raza Español population. For this purpose, we performed a wssGBLUP (weighted single step genomic best linear unbiased prediction) using data from a total of 2359 animals genotyped with Affymetrix Axiom™ Equine 670 K and 1346 with Equine GeneSeek Genomic Profiler™ (GGP) Array V5. A total of 60,136 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) present on the 32 chromosomes from the consensus dataset after quality control were employed for the analysis. Vitiligo-like depigmentation was phenotyped by visual inspection of the different affected areas (eyes, mouth, nostrils) and was classified into nine categories with three degrees of severity (absent, slight, and severe). We identified one significant genomic region for vitiligo around the eyes, eight significant genomic regions for vitiligo around the mouth, and seven significant genomic regions for vitiligo around the nostrils, which explained the highest percentage of variance. These significant genomic regions contained candidate genes related to melanocytes, skin, immune system, tumour suppression, metastasis, and cutaneous carcinoma. These findings enable us to implement selective breeding strategies to decrease the incidence of vitiligo and to elucidate the genetic architecture underlying vitiligo in horses as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease's development. However, further studies are needed to better understand this skin disorder in horses.
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Publication Date: 2024-08-21 PubMed ID: 39199954PubMed Central: PMC11350783DOI: 10.3390/ani14162420Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study focuses on the genetic factors behind the appearance of vitiligo in the Pura Raza Español horse breed. The researchers performed genome-wide testing to identify potential genomic regions and related genes that could be associated with the development of vitiligo in these horses.

Study Design and Methods

The researchers used a weighted single step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (wssGBLUP) on data from 2359 horses genotyped with Affymetrix Axiom Equine 670 K and 1346 with Equine GeneSeek Genomic Profiler (GGP) Array V5. This was done to:

  • Perform a comprehensive survey of the genetic material.
  • Identify specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, or genetic variations) which can indicate potential genes impacting disease susceptibility.

Vitiligo-like skin changes in these horses were classified based on the visual inspection of affected areas (eyes, mouth, nostrils), divided into nine categories with varying severity levels.

Findings and Implications

After performing the genomic analysis, the authors identified key genomic regions associated with vitiligo around the eyes, mouth, and nostrils. These regions contribute to the highest variance percentage, implying they likely play a significant role in the development of vitiligo.

The identified regions contain candidate genes connected mainly to melanocytes (skin cells producing pigment), skin health, the immune system, tumour suppression, metastasis, and a type of skin cancer. This discovery:

  • Allows for the possibility of selective breeding strategies.
  • Helps in understanding the genetic architecture and molecular mechanics related to vitiligo in horses.

The researchers proposed that further studies are required for better comprehension of this skin disorder in horses.

Research Limitations

While the findings are significant, they are limited by certain factors:

  • The study is based on categorizing severity visually, which may have some subjective interpretations.
  • The study does not definitively prove that these genetic factors cause vitiligo; it only establishes a pattern of association.
  • Further research is needed to validate these findings and understand in more depth the role these genes play in vitiligo genesis.

Cite This Article

APA
Laseca N, Molina A, Perdomo-González D, Ziadi C, Azor PJ, Valera M. (2024). Exploring the Genetic Landscape of Vitiligo in the Pura Raza Español Horse: A Genomic Perspective. Animals (Basel), 14(16), 2420. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162420

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 16
PII: 2420

Researcher Affiliations

Laseca, Nora
  • Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
  • Real Asociación Nacional de Criadores de Caballos de Pura Raza Española (ANCCE), Cortijo de Cuarto (Viejo), 41014 Sevilla, Spain.
Molina, Antonio
  • Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra. Madrid Km 396, 44014 Córdoba, Spain.
Perdomo-González, Davinia
  • Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
Ziadi, Chiraz
  • Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra. Madrid Km 396, 44014 Córdoba, Spain.
Azor, Pedro J
  • Real Asociación Nacional de Criadores de Caballos de Pura Raza Española (ANCCE), Cortijo de Cuarto (Viejo), 41014 Sevilla, Spain.
Valera, Mercedes
  • Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.

Grant Funding

  • PRJ202304941 / Contrato FIUS - ANCCE

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Ziadi C, Morales RM, Vargas-Pérez MÁ, Calvo-Rubio GA, Demyda-Peyrás S, Molina A. Multivariate Single-Step GWAS Reveals Pleiotropic Genomic Regions and Candidate Genes Associated with Male Scrotal Circumference and Female Fertility Traits in Retinta Beef Cattle. Vet Sci 2025 Oct 11;12(10).
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  2. Morales RM, Calvo-Rubio GA, Ziadi C, Vargas-Pérez MÁ, Demyda-Peyrás S, Molina A. Weighted Single-Step GWAS Reveals Genomic Regions Associated with Female Fertility in the Spanish Retinta Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2025 Sep 11;15(18).
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