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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2019; 9(9); doi: 10.3390/ani9090600

Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Hospitalized Neonatal Foals: Prevalence, Risk Factors for Shedding and Association with Infection.

Abstract: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) have been investigated in adult horses, but not in foals. We aimed to determine shedding and infection in neonatal foals and mares. Rectal swabs were sampled from mare and foal pairs on admission and on the 3rd day of hospitalization; enriched, plated, and bacteria were verified for ESBL production. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined (Vitek2). Genotyping was performed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Genes were identified by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Medical data were analyzed for risk factors (SPSS). On admission, 55 pairs were sampled, of which 33 pairs were re-sampled. Shedding rates on admission in foals and mares were 33% (95% CI 21-47%) and 16% (95% CI 8-29%), respectively, and during hospitalization, these increased significantly to 85% (95% CI 70-94%) and 58% (95% CI 40-73%), respectively. Foal shedding was associated with umbilical infection on admission (P = 0.016) and with ampicillin treatment during hospitalization (p = 0.011), and was independent of the mare's shedding. The most common ESBL-E was Escherichia coli. During hospitalization, species diversity increased. Four foals were infected with ESBL-E strains, including umbilical infections and wounds. This study substantiates an alarming prevalence of shedding in neonatal foals, which should be further investigated in order to reduce resistance rates.
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Publication Date: 2019-08-23 PubMed ID: 31450865PubMed Central: PMC6770135DOI: 10.3390/ani9090600Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study explores the prevalence, risk factors, and links to infection of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) in newborn foals and their mothers during hospital stays, showing a significant increase in ESBL-E shedding during hospitalization and an association with certain infections and treatments.

Methodology

  • A total of 55 mare and foal pairs were initially involved in the study, with 33 pairs being subject to follow-up sampling. These samples were taken from rectal swabs and collected upon admission and again on the 3rd day of hospitalization.
  • The samples were then enriched, plated and tested for ESBL production.
  • To identify the exact type of Enterobacteriaceae and gauge its antibiotic resistance, the researchers used the automated Vitek2 system. Genotyping was carried out through multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
  • They then searched for specific genes using PCR and Sanger sequencing.
  • Finally, the researchers analyzed the medical data to identify potential risk factors for ESBL-E shedding in the foals.

Findings

  • The rates of ESBL-E shedding at the start of hospitalisation were found to be 33% in foals and 16% in mares. This significantly increased to 85% for foals and 58% for mares by the third day of hospitalization.
  • Findings suggest that foal shedding was associated with umbilical infection upon admission and treatment with ampicillin during hospitalization. Interestingly, foal shedding did not depend on whether the mare was shedding ESBL-E.
  • The most common ESBL-E found was Escherichia coli. However, species diversity increased as the hospital stay prolonged.
  • Four of the foals were found to be infected with ESBL-E strains, predominantly seen in umbilical infections and wound sites.

Conclusion

The study underscores a worryingly high prevalence of ESBL-E shedding rates in newborn foals during hospitalisation and points towards a demand for further investigation to help reduce these resistance rates. Understanding the associated risk factors and associations with certain infections and treatments could lead to more effective prevention and treatment strategies in the equine world.

Cite This Article

APA
Shnaiderman-Torban A, Paitan Y, Arielly H, Kondratyeva K, Tirosh-Levy S, Abells-Sutton G, Navon-Venezia S, Steinman A. (2019). Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Hospitalized Neonatal Foals: Prevalence, Risk Factors for Shedding and Association with Infection. Animals (Basel), 9(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9090600

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 9

Researcher Affiliations

Shnaiderman-Torban, Anat
  • Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 761001, Israel.
Paitan, Yossi
  • Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
  • Clinical Microbiology Lab, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel.
Arielly, Haia
  • Clinical Microbiology Lab, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel.
Kondratyeva, Kira
  • Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
Tirosh-Levy, Sharon
  • Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 761001, Israel.
Abells-Sutton, Gila
  • Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 761001, Israel.
Navon-Venezia, Shiri
  • Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
Steinman, Amir
  • Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 761001, Israel. amirst@savion.huji.ac.il.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 13 times.
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