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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet J / Extracellular vesicles in synovial fluid from juvenile horse...
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)2018; 244; 91-93; doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.12.010

Extracellular vesicles in synovial fluid from juvenile horses: No age-related changes in the quantitative profile.

Abstract: Extracellular vesicle (EV) concentration, characteristics and function in equine synovial fluid (SF) during normal growth and development has not previously been studied. Isolation of EVs was performed in SF from three healthy foals and two adult horses by differential ultracentrifugation (10,000g and 200,000g); EVs were purified by sucrose density gradient floatation and analysed by high-resolution flow cytometry (FCM), buoyant density and western blotting. Additionally, repeated biomarker analysis of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAG), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), C-terminal crosslinked telopeptide type II collagen (CTX-II), collagenase cleaved neopeptide type II collagen (C2C) was performed in SF from 10 foals and six adult horses. In contrast with the quantitative EV profile, the biomarker profile in SF from juvenile joints was substantially different from that in SF from adult animals. However, there were qualitative differences in the high-resolution FCM scatter plots. Future in-depth functional analyses may reveal differences between juvenile and mature EVs in SF.
Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2018-12-12 PubMed ID: 30825901PubMed Central: PMC7116028DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.12.010Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explored in depth the presence and characteristics of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in synovial fluid (a lubricating fluid found in the joints) of juvenile and adult horses. It concluded that while there was no significant difference in the quantity of EVs present across ages, there were qualitative variations observed.

Objective and Methodology

  • The study aimed to examine the concentration, characteristics, and functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the synovial fluid of growing and developing horses, an area that hadn’t been thoroughly researched before.
  • Synovial fluid was collected from three healthy foals and two adult horses.
  • The separation of EVs was done through a process called differential ultracentrifugation, followed by purification using a sucrose density gradient floatation technique.
  • The EVs were then analyzed through various techniques including high-resolution flow cytometry, buoyant density, and Western Blotting.

Additional Biomarker Analysis

  • The researchers also performed a repeated biomarker analysis on sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAG), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), C-terminal crosslinked telopeptide type II collagen (CTX-II), and collagenase cleaved neopeptide type II collagen (C2C).
  • These biomarkers were analyzed in synovial fluid collected from 10 foals and six adult horses.

Findings and Future Research Directions

  • The findings indicated that while there was no noticeable difference in the quantity of EVs present in the synovial fluid between the juvenile and adult horses, there were distinct qualitative differences in their high-resolution flow cytometry scatter plots.
  • The biomarker profile in the synovial fluid from the juvenile horses was also notably different from that of the adult horses.
  • While the research concluded that there was no age-related change in the quantitative profile of extracellular vesicles in the synovial fluid, the qualitative differences and different biomarker profiles suggest that there might be functionally different EVs between juvenile and mature horses.
  • This implies a need for future research to be more focused on the functional aspects of these EVs present in synovial fluid across different age groups.

Cite This Article

APA
Boere J, van de Lest CHA, de Grauw JC, Plomp SGM, Libregts SFWM, Arkesteijn GJA, Malda J, Wauben MHM, van Weeren PR. (2018). Extracellular vesicles in synovial fluid from juvenile horses: No age-related changes in the quantitative profile. Vet J, 244, 91-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.12.010

Publication

Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)
ISSN: 1532-2971
NlmUniqueID: 9706281
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 244
Pages: 91-93
PII: S1090-0233(18)30775-5

Researcher Affiliations

Boere, J
  • Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
van de Lest, C H A
  • Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
de Grauw, J C
  • Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Plomp, S G M
  • Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Libregts, S F W M
  • Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Arkesteijn, G J A
  • Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Malda, J
  • Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Wauben, M H M
  • Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
van Weeren, P R
  • Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: r.vanweeren@uu.nl.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Animals, Newborn
  • Collagen Type II / metabolism
  • Glycosaminoglycans / metabolism
  • Horses / growth & development
  • Horses / metabolism
  • Matrix Metalloproteinases / metabolism
  • Synovial Fluid / metabolism

Grant Funding

  • 647426 / European Research Council

Conflict of Interest Statement

. During this study, the Wauben research group, Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, had a collaborative research agreement with BD Biosciences Europe to optimise the analysis of EVs using the BD Influx flow cytometer. None of the authors has any other financial or personal relationships that could inappropriately influence or bias the content of the paper.

References

This article includes 10 references
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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Bongiovanni L, Andriessen A, Wauben MHM, Nolte-'t Hoen ENM, de Bruin A. Extracellular Vesicles: Novel Opportunities to Understand and Detect Neoplastic Diseases. Vet Pathol 2021 May;58(3):453-471.
    doi: 10.1177/0300985821999328pubmed: 33813952google scholar: lookup
  2. Pournourali M, Mizban N, Ehsani R, Ebrahimian S, Nadri T, Azari-Dolatabad N. Extracellular vesicles: key mediators in in vitro embryo production. Front Vet Sci 2025;12:1641966.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1641966pubmed: 40909937google scholar: lookup
  3. Welsh JA, Goberdhan DCI, O'Driscoll L, Buzas EI, Blenkiron C, Bussolati B, Cai H, Di Vizio D, Driedonks TAP, Erdbrügger U, Falcon-Perez JM, Fu QL, Hill AF, Lenassi M, Lim SK, Mahoney MG, Mohanty S, Möller A, Nieuwland R, Ochiya T, Sahoo S, Torrecilhas AC, Zheng L, Zijlstra A, Abuelreich S, Bagabas R, Bergese P, Bridges EM, Brucale M, Burger D, Carney RP, Cocucci E, Crescitelli R, Hanser E, Harris AL, Haughey NJ, Hendrix A, Ivanov AR, Jovanovic-Talisman T, Kruh-Garcia NA, Ku'ulei-Lyn Faustino V, Kyburz D, Lässer C, Lennon KM, Lötvall J, Maddox AL, Martens-Uzunova ES, Mizenko RR, Newman LA, Ridolfi A, Rohde E, Rojalin T, Rowland A, Saftics A, Sandau US, Saugstad JA, Shekari F, Swift S, Ter-Ovanesyan D, Tosar JP, Useckaite Z, Valle F, Varga Z, van der Pol E, van Herwijnen MJC, Wauben MHM, Wehman AM, Williams S, Zendrini A, Zimmerman AJ, Théry C, Witwer KW. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches. J Extracell Vesicles 2024 Feb;13(2):e12404.
    doi: 10.1002/jev2.12404pubmed: 38326288google scholar: lookup
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