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Frontiers in veterinary science2020; 7; 554306; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.554306

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Enhances the In Vitro Metabolic Activity and Differentiation of Equine Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.

Abstract: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been shown to induce different biological effects on a variety of cells, including regulation and stimulation of their function and metabolism. ESWT can promote different biological responses such as proliferation, migration, and regenerations of cells. Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) secrete factors that enhance the regeneration of tissues, stimulate proliferation and differentiation of cells, and decrease inflammatory and immune reactions. Clinically, the combination of these two therapies has been used as a treatment for tendon and ligament lesions in horses; however, there is no scientific evidence supporting this combination of therapies . Therefore, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of ESWT on equine umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells (CB-MSCs) proliferative, metabolic, migrative, differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties equine CB-MSC cultures from independent donors were treated using an electrohydraulic shock wave generator attached to a water bath. All experiments were performed as triplicates. Proliferation, viability, migration and immunomodulatory properties of the cells were evaluated. Equine CB-MSCs were induced to evaluate their trilineage differentiation potential. ESWT treated cells had increased metabolic activity, showed positive adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation, and showed higher potential for differentiation toward the adipogenic and osteogenic cell fates. ESWT treated cells showed similar immunomodulatory properties to none-ESWT treated cells. Equine CB-MSCs are responsive to ESWT treatment and showed increased metabolic, adipogenic and osteogenic activity, but unaltered immunosuppressive properties. studies are warranted to determine if synergistic effects occur in the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries if ESWT and equine CB-MSC therapies are combined.
Copyright © 2020 Salcedo-Jiménez, Koenig, Lee, Gibson, Madan and Koch.
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Publication Date: 2020-12-04 PubMed ID: 33344521PubMed Central: PMC7746774DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.554306Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study explores the effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) on equine Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (CB-MSCs). The research found that ESWT enhances the metabolic activity and differentiation of these cells, but does not affect their immunosuppressive properties.

Understanding the Objective and Significance of the Research

  • The main objective of this paper was to investigate the impact of ESWT on equine CB-MSCs. The research specifically aimed to determine the proliferative, metabolic, migratory, differentiative, and immunomodulatory effects of ESWT on these cells.
  • This study is significant because it offers insight into possible synergies between ESWT and CB-MSC therapies in treating musculoskeletal injuries. Moreover, while these therapies have been combined clinically to treat tendon and ligament lesions in horses, there had previously been no scientific evidence backing the effectiveness or influence of this combination.

An Overview of Methods and Experimentation

  • The researchers used equine CB-MSC cultures from independent donors and applied ESWT using an electrohydraulic shock wave generator. These experiments were performed in triplicate to insure accuracy and reliability.
  • After ESWT treatment, the researchers evaluated the proliferation, viability, migration, and immunomodulatory properties of the cells. They also evaluated the potential for trilineage differentiation (into adipocyte, osteocyte, and chondrocyte lineages).

Interpreting the Findings

  • The study found that ESWT treatment led to increased metabolic activity in the CB-MSCs. These cells also showed positive adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation, meaning they were more likely to transform into fat cells, bone cells, and cartilage cells respectively, after ESWT treatment.
  • While there was an increase in the differentiation potential of the cells towards adipogenic and osteogenic cell fates, the immunomodulatory properties of the cells remained unaltered after ESWT treatment.
  • Hence, it appears that ESWT promotes increased metabolic activity and has positive influence on the differentiation of equine CB-MSCs, but has no observable impact on their immunosuppressive characteristics.

Implications and Further Studies

  • The results of this study provide the first scientific evidence supporting the combined use of ESWT and CB-MSCs therapy, a treatment commonly given to horses for tendon and ligament injuries.
  • The researchers suggest that more studies are needed to fully understand if these combined therapies could provide synergistic benefits for the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries.

Cite This Article

APA
Salcedo-Jiménez R, Koenig JB, Lee OJ, Gibson TWG, Madan P, Koch TG. (2020). Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Enhances the In Vitro Metabolic Activity and Differentiation of Equine Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Vet Sci, 7, 554306. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.554306

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 7
Pages: 554306
PII: 554306

Researcher Affiliations

Salcedo-Jiménez, Ramés
  • Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Koenig, Judith B
  • Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Lee, Olivia J
  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Gibson, Thomas W G
  • Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Madan, Pavneesh
  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Koch, Thomas G
  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.

Conflict of Interest Statement

TK acts in a volunteer capacity as non-executive Director, Scientific Affairs (ex officio) of eQcell therapies Inc., Aurora, ON, Canada, a company for which TK's research laboratory provides equine stem cell isolation and storage services. TK holds a minor non-controlling share in eQcell therapies Inc. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 8 times.
  1. Jammes M, Contentin R, Cassé F, Galéra P. Equine osteoarthritis: Strategies to enhance mesenchymal stromal cell-based acellular therapies. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1115774.
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  4. Qiu Z, Wang J, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wei C, Ma T. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for equine musculoskeletal disorders: from biological mechanisms to clinical applications. Front Vet Sci 2025;12:1719123.
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