Factors affecting clinical assessment of insulin sensitivity in horses.
Abstract: Insulin resistance is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of many equine conditions such as pars intermedia dysfunction, equine metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipaemia, laminitis, endotoxaemia and osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD); whereas polysaccharide storage myopathy in Quarter Horses and equine motor neuron disease (EMD) have been associated with increased insulin sensitivity. However, it is clear that there is not one ideal test, in terms of both practicality and accuracy, for evaluating insulin sensitivity in horses and improved diagnostic techniques are required. This review sets out the background to the subject and identifies current knowledge regarding the measurement of insulin sensitivity by tolerance testing and clamping techniques. Factors affecting insulin sensitivity, such as breed, pregnancy, lactation, obesity and nutritional factors are discussed. In addition, the relationship with training, nutritional supplementation and drug administration are considered.
Publication Date: 2007-12-11 PubMed ID: 18065318DOI: 10.2746/042516407X238512Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Review
- Breed Differences
- Clinical Examination
- Diabetes
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Equine Health
- Equine Metabolic Syndrome
- Equine Motor Neuron Disease
- Horses
- Insulin
- Lactation
- Laminitis
- Nutrition
- Obesity
- Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction
- Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy
- Pregnancy
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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This research article focuses on the various factors that affect the assessment of insulin sensitivity in horses. The paper explores the causes of insulin sensitivity, its relation to specific equine conditions, and potential improved diagnostic techniques.
Understanding Insulin Sensitivity in Horses
Insulin sensitivity plays a crucial role in various equine health conditions, such as equine metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and numerous others. The research indicates that two conditions, polysaccharide storage myopathy in Quarter Horses and equine motor neuron disease (EMD), are linked to increased insulin sensitivity. The paper underlines the need for precise and practical testing methods to evaluate insulin sensitivity in horses.
- The study provides detailed information about insulin sensitivity measurement techniques like tolerance testing and clamping techniques.
- It gives an in-depth review of the topic, helping the reader to understand the concept fully and its relation to equine health.
Factors Affecting Insulin Sensitivity
Insulin sensitivity is affected by numerous factors. Understanding these factors is critical to containing the rising cases of insulin-related health conditions in horses.
- The research discusses factors including breed, pregnancy, lactation, obesity, and nutritional factors which play a significant role in determining the insulin sensitivity levels in horses.
- The factors can either enhance resistance or increase sensitivity, hence they need a vital consideration in managing horses’ health.
Improving Insulin Sensitivity Assessment Techniques
Given the key role of insulin sensitivity in equine health, developing improved diagnostic techniques is imperative.
- The research pinpoints that there isn’t one perfect test to evaluate insulin sensitivity in horses, implying the need for better testing methods.
- The study emphasizes that future endeavours should aim at enhancing the accuracy and practicality of these techniques.
Relationship with Training, Supplementation, and Drug Administration
A horse’s lifestyle, specifically, its training, nutritional supplementation, and drug administration, can significantly influence its insulin sensitivity.
- The paper reflects on the importance of training in managing and maintaining a horse’s health, underlining it as a critical consideration in equine care.
- Nutritional supplementation and drug administration are equally important, as they also have a huge impact on insulin sensitivity in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Firshman AM, Valberg SJ.
(2007).
Factors affecting clinical assessment of insulin sensitivity in horses.
Equine Vet J, 39(6), 567-575.
https://doi.org/10.2746/042516407X238512 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Age Factors
- Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / physiology
- Animals
- Area Under Curve
- Blood Glucose / metabolism
- Breeding
- Female
- Glucose Clamp Technique / veterinary
- Glucose Tolerance Test / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horses
- Insulin / metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
Citations
This article has been cited 12 times.- Salari F, Roncoroni C, Altomonte I, Boselli C, Brajon G, Martini M. Effects of the Physiological Status and Diet on Blood Metabolic Parameters in Amiata Dairy Donkeys. Animals (Basel) 2021 Nov 17;11(11).
- Fitzgerald DM, Pollitt CC, Walsh DM, Sillence MN, de Laat MA. The effect of different grazing conditions on the insulin and incretin response to the oral glucose test in ponies. BMC Vet Res 2019 Oct 16;15(1):345.
- Warnken T, Delarocque J, Schumacher S, Huber K, Feige K. Retrospective analysis of insulin responses to standard dosed oral glucose tests (OGTs) via naso-gastric tubing towards definition of an objective cut-off value. Acta Vet Scand 2018 Jan 19;60(1):4.
- Frank N, Walsh DM. Repeatability of Oral Sugar Test Results, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Measurements, and Serum High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin Concentrations in Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2017 Jul;31(4):1178-1187.
- Frank N, Hermida P, Sanchez-Londoño A, Singh R, Gradil CM, Uricchio CK. Blood Glucose and Insulin Concentrations after Octreotide Administration in Horses With Insulin Dysregulation. J Vet Intern Med 2017 Jul;31(4):1188-1192.
- Marycz K, Kornicka K, Marędziak M, Golonka P, Nicpoń J. Equine metabolic syndrome impairs adipose stem cells osteogenic differentiation by predominance of autophagy over selective mitophagy. J Cell Mol Med 2016 Dec;20(12):2384-2404.
- Bertin FR, Taylor SD, Bianco AW, Sojka-Kritchevsky JE. The Effect of Fasting Duration on Baseline Blood Glucose Concentration, Blood Insulin Concentration, Glucose/Insulin Ratio, Oral Sugar Test, and Insulin Response Test Results in Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Sep;30(5):1726-1731.
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- Selim S, Elo K, Jaakkola S, Karikoski N, Boston R, Reilas T, Särkijärvi S, Saastamoinen M, Kokkonen T. Relationships among Body Condition, Insulin Resistance and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Gene Expression during the Grazing Season in Mares. PLoS One 2015;10(5):e0125968.
- Peugnet P, Wimel L, Duchamp G, Sandersen C, Camous S, Guillaume D, Dahirel M, Dubois C, Jouneau L, Reigner F, Berthelot V, Chaffaux S, Tarrade A, Serteyn D, Chavatte-Palmer P. Enhanced or reduced fetal growth induced by embryo transfer into smaller or larger breeds alters post-natal growth and metabolism in pre-weaning horses. PLoS One 2014;9(7):e102044.
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- Johnson PJ, Wiedmeyer CE, Messer NT, Ganjam VK. Medical implications of obesity in horses--lessons for human obesity. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2009 Jan;3(1):163-74.
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