Fore-Aft Asymmetry Improves the Stability of Trotting in the Transverse Plane: A Modeling Study.
Abstract: Quadrupedal mammals have fore-aft asymmetry in their body structure, which affects their walking and running dynamics. However, the effects of asymmetry, particularly in the transverse plane, remain largely unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of fore-aft asymmetry on quadrupedal trotting in the transverse plane from a dynamic viewpoint using a simple model, which consists of two rigid bodies connected by a torsional joint with a torsional spring and four spring legs. Specifically, we introduced fore-aft asymmetry into the model by changing the physical parameters between the fore and hind parts of the model based on dogs, which have a short neck, and horses, which have a long neck. We numerically searched the periodic solutions for trotting and investigated the obtained solutions and their stability. We found that three types of periodic solutions with different foot patterns appeared that depended on the asymmetry. Additionally, the asymmetry improved gait stability. Our findings improve our understanding of gait dynamics in quadrupeds with fore-aft asymmetry.
Copyright © 2022 Adachi , Aoi , Kamimura , Tsuchiya and Matsuno.
Publication Date: 2022-06-03 PubMed ID: 35721869PubMed Central: PMC9203715DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.807777Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article focuses on how the fore-aft asymmetry present in quadrupedal mammals influences their trotting stability in the transverse plane. It uses a simplified model mimicking the body structure of quadrupedal mammals and tests the effect of changing physical parameters between the fore and hind parts of the model. Findings suggest that asymmetry enhances the gait stability of these animals, with different foot patterns depending on the level of asymmetry.
About the Model and Testing Approach
- The researchers used a simple model to represent quadrupeds. It consisted of two rigid bodies connected by a torsional joint with a torsional spring and four spring legs. This captures the fundamental mechanisms needed to understand trotting dynamics.
- To examine the effects of fore-aft asymmetry, the physical parameters between the fore and hind parts of the model were altered. This was done to mimic the asymmetry seen in animals like dogs with short necks and horses with long necks.
- Through numerical methods, the study sought periodic solutions for trotting, providing insight into how different configurations of the model respond to changes in its physical parameters.
Finding Different Periodic Solutions
- The research found that there were three different types of periodic solutions with varying foot patterns dependent on the level of fore-aft asymmetry in the model.
- This variability illustrates the broad spectrum of trotting gaits among quadrupeds, attributing such differences to the varying levels of asymmetry common among different species.
Improving Gait Stability with Asymmetry
- Contrary to some intuitions that regard symmetry as a requisite for stability, the study found that asymmetry actually improves the gait stability of quadrupeds.
- This finding adds significant value to our understanding of gait dynamics, highlighting the essential role of fore-aft asymmetry in maintaining balance and stability during locomotion.
Significance of the Findings
- The study delves deeper into little-examined aspects of gait dynamics, particularly the role of asymmetry in the transverse plane during trotting.
- The findings could contribute to the development of efficient, stable robotic systems inspired by the gait dynamics of quadrupedal animals.
Cite This Article
APA
Adachi M, Aoi S, Kamimura T, Tsuchiya K, Matsuno F.
(2022).
Fore-Aft Asymmetry Improves the Stability of Trotting in the Transverse Plane: A Modeling Study.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 10, 807777.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.807777 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan.
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
References
This article includes 49 references
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