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Open veterinary journal2014; 4(1); 26-43;

Fosfomycin: Uses and potentialities in veterinary medicine.

Abstract: Fosfomycin (FOS) is a natural bactericidal broad-spectrum antibiotic which acts on proliferating bacteria by inhibiting cell wall and early murein/peptidoglycan synthesis. Bactericidal activity is evident against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and can also act synergistically with other antibiotics. Bacterial resistance to FOS may be natural or acquired. Other properties of this drug include inhibition of bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells, exopolysaccharide biofilm penetration, immunomodulatory effect, phagocytosis promotion and protection against the nephrotoxicity caused by other drugs. FOS has chemical characteristics not typically observed in organic phosphoric compounds and its molecular weight is almost the lowest of all the antimicrobials. It tends to form salts easily due to its acidic nature (disodium salt, for intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) administration; calcium and trometamol salt: for oral (PO) administration). FOS has a very low protein binding (<0.5%) which, along with its low molecular weight and water solubility, contributes to its good diffusion into fluids (cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous and vitreous humor, interstitial fluid) and tissues (placenta, bone, muscle, liver, kidney and skin/fat). In all species, important differences in the bioavailability have been found after administration in relation to the various derivatives of FOS salts. Pharmacokinetic profiles have been described in humans, chickens, rabbits, cows, dogs, horses and weaning piglets. The low toxicity and potential efficacy of FOS are the main factors that contribute to its use in humans and animals. Thus, it has been used to treat a broad variety of bacterial infections in humans, such as localized peritonitis, brain abscesses, severe soft tissue infections, cystitis and other conditions. In veterinary medicine, FOS is used to treat infectious diseases of broiler chickens and pigs. In broilers, it is administered for the treatment of E. coli and Salmonella spp. infections. In piglets, the drug is prescribed to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. FOS penetration is demonstrated in phagocytic, respiratory (HEP-2) and intestinal (IPEC-J2) cells. Although not widely used in animals, the drug has shown good results in human medicine. The potentialities of FOS suggest that this drug is a promising candidate for the treatment of infections in veterinary medicine. For these reasons, the aim of this work is to provide animal health practitioners with information on a drug that is not extensively recognized.
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Publication Date: 2014-03-16 PubMed ID: 26623336PubMed Central: PMC4629597
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study discusses Fosfomycin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, its uses, and potential for applications in veterinary medicine. The research underscores the effectiveness of Fosfomycin against various bacteria, the low chances of bacterial resistance, and outlines the drug’s various benefits including biofilm penetration, immune-modulating effects, and protective characteristics against nephrotoxicity.

Action and Characteristics of Fosfomycin

  • Fosfomycin, known as FOS, is a bactericidal antibiotic that inhibits early cell wall synthesis in proliferating bacteria. It operates against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
  • It possesses unique chemical properties distinct from typical organic phosphoric compounds and has one of the lowest molecular weights of all antimicrobial drugs.
  • FOS can form salts due to its acidic nature. These salts are suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or oral administration.
  • With low protein binding, a small molecular weight, and water solubility, FOS can diffuse easily into bodily fluids and tissues such as cerebrospinal fluid, interstitial fluid, placenta, bone, muscle, liver, kidney, and skin/fat.
  • The antibiotic has other notable properties such as the inhibition of bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells, penetration of exopolysaccharide biofilms, facilitation of phagocytosis, provision of immunomodulatory effects, and protection against nephrotoxicity caused by other drugs.

Potential Applications in Veterinary Medicine

  • Fosfomycin is used in veterinary medicine for treating infectious diseases in broiler chickens and pigs.
  • In broiler chickens, it is utilized to treat infections caused by E. coli and Salmonella spp.
  • Pigs, on the other hand, are prescribed the drug to treat a wide array of bacterial infections.
  • The study also investigates Fosfomycin’s penetration into phagocytic, respiratory (HEP-2), and intestinal (IPEC-J2) cells. These characteristics make the drug potentially valuable for treating infections in veterinary medicine.

Existing applications in Human Medicine

  • Fosfomycin has been used to treat a broad range of bacterial infections in humans, including localized peritonitis, brain abscesses, severe soft tissue infections, and cystitis among other diseases.
  • Its low toxicity and high potential efficacy are the main contributors towards its prevalent use in human medicine. This paper recommends that veterinary practitioners consider this antibiotic an effective and safe option for treating infections in animals.

Cite This Article

APA
Pérez DS, Tapia MO, Soraci AL. (2014). Fosfomycin: Uses and potentialities in veterinary medicine. Open Vet J, 4(1), 26-43.

Publication

Open veterinary journal
ISSN: 2226-4485
NlmUniqueID: 101653182
Country: Libya
Language: English
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Pages: 26-43

Researcher Affiliations

Pérez, D S
  • Laboratorio de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Tapia, M O
  • Laboratorio de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Soraci, A L
  • Laboratorio de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.

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